Bumannsburg
| Bumannsburg | ||
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 Part of the Bumannsburg (2007) |
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| Alternative name (s): | Bummannsburg | |
| Creation time : | probably 8th century | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Wall remains, ground monument | |
| Place: | Bergkamen - Rünthe | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 39 '14.3 " N , 7 ° 40' 43.5" E | |
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The Bumannsburg even Bummannsburg is the residue of an early fortress building on the southern lip side of Bergkamen district Rünthe in North Rhine-Westphalia , which dates back to the time around the 800th It is not mentioned in any source. Excavations took place in 1898 and 1978. The vegetation development of the first millennium in the field of Bumannsburg leaves after a pollen analysis of the year emerge 2006 three sections, namely a imperial with first rather Roman, then Rhine-Weser-Germanic land use, the reforestation of 300, after the early medieval colonization n from 700 . Chr.
history
The "Bumannsburg", which was named after an old farm that stood in the ramparts until 1847, is a Carolingian - Ottonian five-hectare ramparts, which presumably originated in the Saxon Wars of Charlemagne (772–802 ) would have.
Ever since the Prussian officer, historian and numismatist Ludwig Hölzermann (1830–1870) suspected a Roman camp at the castle, the search for Roman artefacts has been in vain. However, in a profile column from 2006, plants that the Romans first brought to the region could be detected. The finds included pollen from the walnut tree and coriander . Pollen from two wild plants, namely from pointed burdock and field litter, can also be detected in North Rhine-Westphalia, especially in Roman times. The food plant and medicinal man litter , which the Greeks already consumed, is of particular importance . It too was possibly brought with them by the Romans and was able to survive in river valleys. However, whether Romans were present as farmers - this is indicated by pollen from grain, wild herbs such as field parsley , goose foot and delphinium - or whether the Germanic peoples there have adopted their customs cannot be proven in this way. Around 100 a new change can be demonstrated, because now cattle farming prevailed, plus an oak-rich forest, while the arable herbs are declining. This points to the land use of the Rhine-Weser Teutons. In the 4th and 5th centuries, the evidence for human economic forms gradually disappeared, and beech and oak-hornbeam forests dominate again, as well as ash and elm, which corresponded to the natural vegetation that was little influenced by humans. The beech and hornbeam forests in question reached their greatest extent around 650. Around 700, the pollen spectrum indicates the early medieval development of the country, initially in the form of cattle farming with hud forests. Around 800 there are almost only pure oak forests left. The Lippe floodplain in front of the castle remained largely untouched. Large parts of the floodplain forests were only cleared around 850. Moist grassland with grasses and sedges increasingly dominates with a peak around 950. Cornflowers as winter cereals indicate the introduction of three-field farming. The entire floodplain at the foot of the castle was now used for livestock farming. Further changes in vegetation in the cultural landscape that the area now represented point to the construction of the ramparts of Burmannsburg in the second half of the 10th century.
In the 9th to 10th centuries the castle was of civil and military importance for the surrounding area and in the 13th century it served as a refuge for the population , as evidenced by archaeological finds .
description
The roughly rectangular core plant (around 120 by 80 meters) on the north side of the two-part ring wall system only shows a three-meter-high earth wall on its eastern side. In the northwest was the much larger outer bailey (about 4.9 hectares) with a brook passage in the southeast and two wells (uncovered in 1898) in the southern part. The outer bailey was equipped with a main wall and two ramparts, all of which had trenches in front of them . In the northeast there was probably a gate system. The eastern main wall continues to the north and ends on the bulging slope of a lip arm. In the southeast, a canalised stream flows into the facility. The shape of the attachment is unclear at this point.
Excavations took place in 1898, under the direction of Carl Schuchhardt , and in 1978. In 1898 two wells were found in the south of the outer bailey, which were uncovered. During the excavation in 1978, a well-preserved wooden box structure came to light under a wall.
Finds show ceramic fragments from Rhenish Pingsdorf vessels (around 900), numerous shards of so-called spherical pots (10th to 12th centuries) and at the point where the water course intersects the wall line, well-preserved wood was found in a 2.5 meter thick layer of bog in 1936 found. On July 5, 1990 the ground monument "Bumannsburg" was entered in the list of monuments of the city of Bergkamen.
literature
- Anna Helena Schubert: Bergkamen, district of Unna - Bumannsburg. In: Heinz Günter Horn (Ed.): Theiss Archäologieführer Westfalen-Lippe. Stuttgart 2008, p. 35 f.
- Jutta Meurers-Balke , Arie J. Kalis: Man litter and Romans at the Bumannsburg? A pollen diagram from the Lippe floodplain. In: Archeology in Westphalia-Lippe. 2010, pp. 221-225 ( online ).
- Philipp R. Hömberg : Investigations on prehistoric ramparts in Westphalia. Dissertation. University of Münster 1972, pp. 46-49.
Web links
- Entry by Stefan Eismann on Bumannsburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Ground monument “Bumannsburg”, bergkamen.de
Remarks
- ↑ Jutta Meurers-Balke , Arie J. Kalis: Mannstreu and Römer at the Bumannsburg? A pollen diagram from the Lippe floodplain , in: Archäologie in Westfalen-Lippe 2010, pp. 221–225, here: p. 221.