Gmünd Castle
| Gmünd Castle | ||
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.JPG) The castle in Gmünd (2018) |
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| Alternative name (s): | Old castle | |
| Creation time : | 1320-1360 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Gmünd in Carinthia | |
| Geographical location | 46 ° 54 '31.1 " N , 13 ° 32' 9.5" E | |
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The Burg Gmund , even Alteburg called, is the ruin of a late medieval hilltop castle above Gmünd , Austria .
location
The castle ruin is located in the Liesertal on a steeply sloping terrain spur north above the city of Gmünd in Carinthia . From this, paths lead to the castle both west and east. Further to the west, an unpaved road leads up the hill to the castle. The castle can also be reached by vehicle from the north via private property.
history
The first mention of the first castle (castrum) Gmünd can be traced back to February 29, 1292. It was the administrative center of a manorial rule with subordinate farmers and townspeople. In the Carinthian peasant uprising in 1478 , the population's anger with the authorities erupted.
The installation of this medieval castle Gmünd north of Spittal was endangered, as in 1252 after the Battle of Greifenburg, of Philip of Spanheim , Elect the Archbishop of Salzburg a dictated peace was dictated, the defeated Count of Gorizia. The following, fickle Archbishop Bernhard von Rohr , admitted, contrary to an agreement with the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Friedrich III. (HRR) , the king in Hungary Matthias Corvinus in Gmünd Castle and the city of Gmünd in Carinthia the right of occupation. Therefore, for seven years from Gmünd, Hungarian troops, together with Turkish auxiliary troops, called "Renner and Brenner", plundered the whole of Upper Carinthia until the castle was partly shot in ruins with heavy artillery - Kartaunen von St. Veit - the occupation on May 21st 1487 capitulated and the castle and town of Gmünd in Carinthia became imperial before they were again under Salzburg administration.
From 1502 to 1506, the remaining parts of the castle were rebuilt, expanded and redesigned into an impressive Renaissance castle on behalf of the Archbishop of Salzburg , Leonhard von Keutschach . The peasants and miners in hereditary subjection again besieged the castle in 1525, but it held up. The uprising was put down.
Count Rudolf von Raitenau , a brother of Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau , had the extensive west wing built in a third building epoch in 1607 and 1615. In 1690 an earthquake destroyed parts of the city of Gmünd. Today's ruins of the castle above the town came into being when the Romanesque-Gothic Renaissance and Baroque complex, already badly damaged by the earthquake of 1690, burned down completely in 1886. It was left to decay.
The municipality of Gmünd in Carinthia bought the site with the ruins in 1950. From around 1980, a civic city association became active, which shoveled free and began with renovations. The Strasser family leased part of the castle and set up a restaurant in 1992 .
Todays use
A castle restaurant with terrace has been located in the castle since 1992. The tower is used as a lookout tower and there are guided tours as part of city tours. Various events such as concerts , cabaret , readings or theatrical performances take place on the premises. There are also art exhibitions . The Burgtheater Gmünd puts on a play in the castle every summer .
legend
From a legend of unknown interpretation and tradition it emerges that three mercenaries are said to have stolen immeasurable treasures. They decided to dice all of the winnings. The winner bought the land and people and built the castle, but lost everything just as he had won it. At the entrance portal of the castle there are stone spheres set into the wall, which are arranged like fields of dice.
See also
literature
- Hugo Henckel-Donnersmarck: Castles and palaces in Carinthia. Leon, Klagenfurt 1964. (2 volumes)
- The districts of Spittal, Villach, Hermagor .
- The districts of Klagenfurt with Feldkirchen, St. Veit, Völkermarkt and Wolfsberg .
- Franz-Xaver Kohla, Gustav Adolf von Metnitz, Gothbert Moro: Carinthia's castles, palaces, residences and well-fortified sites. A contribution to the settlement topography. (Carinthian Castle Studies; Vol. 1). History Association for Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1973, DNB 750274018 .
- Gerhard Stenzel (text), Lothar Beckel (aerial photographs): From castle to castle in Austria. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1973, ISBN 3-218-00229-X , pages 177 and 178
- Georg Clam Martinic: Austrian Castle Lexicon. Castles and ruins, mansions, palaces and palaces. 2nd Edition. Landesverlag, Linz 1992, ISBN 3-85214-559-7 .
- Michael Leischner, Alois Brandstetter: Castles and palaces in Carinthia. Carinthia, Klagenfurt 2000, ISBN 3-85378-520-4 .
- Hermann Wiessner, Margareta Vyoral-Tschapka: Castles and palaces in Carinthia. Hermagor, Spittal / Drau, Villach. 2nd expanded edition. Birken-Verlag, Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-85030-044-4 .
Web links
- Entry via Gmünd (Carinthia) - Old Castle on Burgen-Austria
- The Old Castle - Website Restaurant and Culture
- Burgtheater Gmünd - Website of the theater group "Burgtheater Gmünd"
- Defense structures in Carinthia - entry to Gmünd Castle
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ronald Woldron and Christiane Wolfgang: Gmund: castle and fortifications. Architectural historical investigation. 2011, p. 18 .
- ↑ Ronald Woldron and Christiane Wolfgang: Gmund: castle and fortifications. Architectural historical investigation. 2011, p. 5 .
- ↑ Current information. In: Alte Burg Gmünd. Retrieved December 28, 2019 .
- ↑ Georg Graber : Legends from Carinthia . 5th edition. Graz 1941 ( haben.at [accessed on December 28, 2019] digital reprint).