Lindau Castle (Eichsfeld)
| Lindau Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
| Creation time : | Medieval | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall | |
| Standing position : | Nobles, clericals | |
| Place: | Lindau | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 39 '9 " N , 10 ° 7' 22.6" E | |
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The castle Lindau is an Outbound medieval moated castle in Lindau , in the municipality of Katlenburg-Lindau , in the district of Northeim in southern Lower Saxony .
Historical background
It is not known exactly who the original owners of Lindau were. In the 10th to 11th centuries, the following dominions had possessions in the area around Lindau: the dukes of Saxony , the Immedinger , the counts of Northeim and the bishops of Hildesheim .
In the 13th and 14th centuries, the Lords of Plesse owned part of the house (castle) and village of Lindau, as well as the Vogtei over Bilshausen . The dukes of Braunschweig owned another share, but they had pledged it back to the von Plesse family in 1353. Albert von Rhuma owned a small part of Lindau, as well as the court and bailiwick of Berka, which he sold to the Braunschweiger.
The older Lindau castle
Even before the younger Lindau Castle was built with the preserved Mushaus, there was another low-rise castle in the southern Rhume floodplain east of the Rhumebrücke at the end of the village in the direction of Gillersheim . The moated castle probably existed in the 12th and 13th centuries. There are no more archaeological finds from the castle, only soil structures recognizable in aerial photographs and the name "Burgwall", which is still used today for the area, remind of the possible location.
It is not known exactly whether comes Werenherus de Lindaw , who testified in a transfer of ownership to the Reinhausen monastery in 1184, was related to this castle.
Lindau Castle
location
The younger castle was located in the northern valley floodplain of the Rhume on the southwestern outskirts of Lindau, west of today's Brückenstraße. It was bordered in the north and south by two ditches branching off from the Rhume, which also indicates a moated castle. Today a former mill moat is known to the west of the castle grounds.
history
In 1322 Gottschalk and Hermann von Plesse sold their share of the village and castle of Lindau to Bishop Otto von Hildesheim with all rights and accessories. It is not known whether it was the older or younger castle ( dat hus unde dat dorp to Lyndowe ). The exact start of construction for the younger castle is not known, it was probably built at the beginning of the 14th century.
The owners did not live in the castle themselves, but it was pledged to various lords. Between 1434 and 1521, the castle and village gradually came into the possession of the Archbishops of Kurmainz and thus belonged to the northernmost acquisitions in Eichsfeld . Until the 18th century there were negotiations and disputes about ownership claims between the bishops of Hildesheim, the dukes of Grubenhagen and Braunschweig and the Archbishops of Mainz. The castle was destroyed in the Thirty Years War, only the massive Mushaus was preserved. Due to the changes and building measures that have taken place over the centuries, there are hardly any archaeological relics or references to the entire castle complex.
The Mushaus
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Today there is only one building left of Lindau Castle, the so-called Mushaus. It was probably built at the beginning of the 14th century as a residential tower (Palas) by Hildesheim Bishop Otto II. Its construction corresponds to the Mushaus of Hardeg Castle . The word Mushaus means in Middle High German mute for toll or customs office where the farmers had to deliver their taxes or mous for food, porridge. Presumably it also served as a storage tower or armory. With walls up to three meters thick and four floors, it was about 30 meters high. The building originally had small pointed arch windows. After the Thirty Years' War, the Mushaus was renovated; the inscriptions carved into a window and in the masonry refer to the completion in 1664.
Until the 18th century, the administration of the Lindau Office was housed in the building. In 1741 a baroque official building was finally built in the neighborhood and the Mushaus lost its original meaning as an official residence.
From the 19th century the building served various purposes, in 1872 August Grewe bought the building and used it as a place of work and residence for his jute factory . During the Second World War, the factory was involved in war production, but there are no clear indications of secret armaments projects. For a short time an institute for ionospheric research, which later became the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, was housed here. Today the building is no longer used, but as one of the oldest monuments in the region it reminds of its long history. The Mushaus has been featured on the Lindau coat of arms since 1951.
Lords of the castle
The following lords and bailiffs of the new castle are proven in Lindau:
- 1322 Ludolf von Wedeheim and Burkhard von Wittenstein
- 1337 Gottschalk von Plesse and Heinrich von Hardenberg (for the Brunswick portion)
- 1338 Conrad von Rosdorf, Jan von Hardenberg
- afterwards that of Tastungen, of Bortfeld
- a castle loan behind the must-do house to the Lords of Uslar and from these in 1453 to Heinrich von Bodenhausen
- a loan from Revenfloh in 1383 to Albrecht von Leuthorst
- around 1530 Heinrich and Caspar von Hardenberg
- and around 1577 Dietrich and Heinrich von Hardenberg
literature
- Birgit Schlegel, Rudolf Brodhun and others: Lindau - history of a patch in northern Eichsfeld. Publishing house and printing Mecke 1995, ISBN 3-923453-67-1
- P. Buerschnaper: From the Mushaus in Lindau. In: Goldene Mark Verlag, Mecke Duderstadt 23 (1972), pp. 3-5
- Johann Wolf : Memories of the office and Marcktfleckens Lindau in the Harz department, District Osterode . JC Baier, Göttingen, 1813
- Gerd Weiß (edit.): Georg Dehio - Handbook of German Art Monuments. Bremen Lower Saxony. Munich 1992
- Margret Zimmermann, Hans Kensche: Castles and palaces in Hildesheimer Land . Hildesheim, 2001, p. 98
Web links
- Mushaus Lindau on alleburgen.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Wolf : Memories of the office and Marcktfleckens Lindau in the Harz department, District Osterode . JC Baier, Göttingen 1813, pp. 8-16
- ^ Author collective: Das Eichsfeld. Volume 79 of the series Landscapes in Germany. Verlag Böhlau , Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2018, p. 182
- ↑ Whether this is a Count of Lindau an der Rhume is not certain, for 1158 and 1184 a Werner Count of Lindau is also mentioned near Ruppin in Brandenburg. In: Carl Friedrich Pauli: General Prussian State History. Volume 1, Hall 1761, page 589
- ↑ Historical and regional excursion map of Lower Saxony. Sheet Osterode (scale 1: 50000). Edited by Erhard Kühlhorn, map and explanatory booklet, Hildesheim 1970, pp. 77–78
- ↑ Birgit Schlegel: The Mushaus in Lindau. In: Eichsfeld. Monthly magazine of the Eichsfeldes. Issue 8 (1995), Verlag and Druck Mecke Duderstadt, pp. 223-225
- ^ Johann Wolf: Eichsfeldisches Urkundenbuch together with the treatise of the Eichsfeldischen nobility. Göttingen 1819 ( Treatise on the Eichsfeld nobility, as a contribution to its history. Pages 37-45)
- ^ Helfrich Bernhard Wenck: Hessian national history. With a document book. Volume 2 near Frankfurt and Leipzig by Barrentrapp and Wenner 1789, page 790
- ^ Hermann Bringmann: Reformation and Counter-Reformation in the Untereichsfeld, illustrated using the example of the village of Bilshausen. in: Goldene Mark 27th year 1976, issue 3, pages 53-65