Camulos (god)

Consecration stone for Mars Camulos from the Harenatium fort , copy in the LVR-RömerMuseum Xanten

Inscription of Tiberinius Celerianus dedicated to Mars Camulos

Camulos , also Camulus , is a Celtic deity whose worship is secured by a few consecration tablets. It is usually equated with the Roman Mars in the Interpretatio Romana . The etymology of the name is unclear.

mythology

Inscriptions were made in Rome , Reims , Arlon (Orolaunum in the province of Gallia Belgica ), cattle ( Harenatium in Germania inferior ), Mainz ( Mogontiacum in Germania superior ), Kilsyth / Bar Hill on the Antoninuswall in Scotland , Sarmizegetusa ( Colonia Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa in Dacia ) and Southwark , London (see inscription of Tiberinius Celerianus ). The consecration stone in Bar Hill was erected by Syrian archers from Hama on the Orontes . Camulos was also a common element in Celtic place names ( e.g. Camulodunum , Colchester ). The meaning as part of a name in personal names, for example Andecamulos (inscription from Nevers (Noviodunum), province of Gallia Lugdunensis ) or Caesar's enemy Camulogenus , is controversial.

Except in Rome, the equation with Mars is given everywhere. The name Camulos is interpreted as a god who gave protection during war.

literature

• Helmut Birkhan : Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-7001-2609-3 .
• Bernhard Maier : Lexicon of Celtic Religion and Culture (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 466). Kröner, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-520-46601-5 .
• Hermann Steuding : Camulus . In: Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher (Hrsg.): Detailed lexicon of Greek and Roman mythology . Volume 1.1, Leipzig 1886, column 850 ( digitized version ).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ CIL 6, 32574 - /] di [s sanctis] / Pat [riensibus] / M (arcus) Quart [inius] / M (arci) f (ilius) cives [
2. ^ Inscriptiones latines des trois Gaules, ILTG 351
3. ↑ CIL 13, 3980 - Marti / Camulo / Lellius / Settus / v (otum) [s (olvit)] l (ibens) m (erito)
4. ↑ CIL 13, 8701 - Marti Camulo / sacrum pro / salute [Neronis] <<Tiberii>> / Claudi Caesaris / [A] ug (usti) Germanici Imp (eratoris) / [c] ives Remi qui / [t] emplum constitu / erunt
5. ↑ CIL 13, 11818 - Marti / Camulo / sacrum / [// Fronto / T [3] oni f (ilius) / d (onum) d (edit)
6. ↑ CIL 7, 1103 - Deo Mar (ti) / Camulo / [m] ilites coh (ortis) [I] / Hamioru [m] / [2] CIV [1] SC [2] / [2] IVI [3]
7. ↑ AE 1998, 1100 : Invicto / Mithrae / Marti Camulo / Mercurio / Rosmertae / Q (uintus) Axius Aeli / anus v (ir) e (gregius) / proc (urator) Aug [g] (ustorum) / Ioni (us)
8. ↑ AE 2002, 882 : Num (inibus) Augg (ustorum) / deo Marti Ca / mulo Tiberini / us Celerianus / c (ivis) Bell (ovacus) / moritix / Londiniensi / um / primus [3] / [3] VA [
9. ↑ CIL 13, 2821 - Ande / camu / los Touti / ssicnos IEVRV
10. ↑ Helmut Birkhan: Celts. Attempt at a complete representation of their culture. S, 642.