Cattle

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cattle
City of Kleve
"Split in red and gold (yellow), in front a golden (yellow) key with a beard pointing to the left and behind a red crutch cross in changing colors."
Coordinates: 51 ° 48 ′ 40 ″  N , 6 ° 7 ′ 21 ″  E
Height : 13 m
Area : 6.73 km²
Residents : 2706  (December 31, 2015)
Population density : 402 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st July 1969
Postal code : 47533
Area code : 02821

Cattle is a district of Kleve on the Lower Rhine in the Kleve district .

History and archeology

Roman and medieval times

St. Willibrord Church and Johanna Sebus Primary School with Forum Arenacum
Roman Mars-Camulus consecration stone from the time of Emperor Nero as an altar in the St. Willibrord Church
Klais organ of the St. Willibrord Church

It is very likely that cattle is identical to the Arenacum mentioned for the first time by Tacitus in his description of the Batavian uprisings around the year 70 AD . In the 4th century the Roman settlement is registered as Harenatium in a Roman street directory . The Roman settlement is underlined by numerous finds from Roman times. The cemetery, which is directly adjacent to the St. Willibrord Church, is a particularly rich site. The church itself was built on Roman foundations from the 1st century. The Mars-Camulus consecration stone found in cattle now serves as the altar of St. Willibrord's Church, which also houses the grave of Johanna Sebus , which was integrated into the northern choir when the church was expanded .

During excavations in 1980 inside the Willibrord Church , unusually rich graves from AD 670–740 were discovered. They prove that the place already existed in the late 7th century and housed members of a contemporary upper class.

Most of the Roman and early medieval finds are kept in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum in Bonn , some also in the Museum Kurhaus Kleve . Since 2002 Cattle has its own museum with Celtic, Franconian and Roman exhibits, the Museum Forum Arenacum , which is located in the immediate vicinity of the parish church.

Cattle lay on the edge of the disputed Rhine-Meuse delta in the Frisian-Franconian Wars , which was Christianized by Willibrord from 690 AD on behalf of Pippin the Middle . After a Frisian reconquest in 716, this mission came to a standstill for a time. In 721/22 gave away Graf Ebroin and his wife Theodelinda the basilica (church) St. Peter and John the Baptist in loco rhinarim (in cattle) together with the associated property to which, among other things, the Marienkirche in Millingen and the neighboring Donsbrüggen included . At that time, Bishop Willibrord was custos (abbot) of the Church in Cattle. From this it can be deduced that at this time cattle was a monastery community led by Willibrord. After his death, the monastery is likely to have been dissolved sometime between 752 and 777 AD, and ownership was transferred (perhaps in 753 in the course of an inheritance regulation) to its ancestral home Kloster Echternach . In addition, a cattle farm belonged to the St. Quentin monastery , which sold it to the Xanten monastery in 1213 . Presumably it also comes from Ebroin. Charlemagne donated the Briener Ward ( Wardhausen ) to the Echternach monastery in the period 775–784 . Cattle became the center of an extensive northern Echternach estate under the direction of a provost supported by a mayor who also presided over the lower court .

The earlier the Duchy of funds belonging glory cattle came in 1347 for county Kleve , when Count John of Cleves only by Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria , then by Emperor Charles IV. This feud procured. The neighboring Düffelgau finally came under the sovereignty of Kleves in 1473.

Modern times

The moated castle cattle , which was built in 1654 as a mansion in the Dutch baroque style, is of national importance. In 1666 it was bought with all the lands by the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm and included in the landscaping of the grounds around the Klever Tiergarten by his governor Prince Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen .

In February 1945, the so-called Battle of the Reichswald took place in the nearby Klever Reichswald and in the vicinity of today's town . The moated castle was largely destroyed by cattle. The diocese of Münster acquired the building and had it rebuilt in 1954/55 and later expanded. A Catholic folk high school has been located there since 1956 .

The municipalities of Donsbrüggen, Keeken , Bimmen , Düffelward , Cattle and Wardhausen , Mehr and Niel belonged to the Office for Cattle, which was formed in 1945 (previously Office for Keeken) .

On July 1, 1969, the cattle office was incorporated into Kleve.

Personalities

Single receipts

  1. ↑ Kleve in brief. In: kleve.de. Retrieved April 23, 2019 .
  2. ^ City of Kleve, district of cattle. Retrieved April 5, 2013 .
  3. ↑ Tacitus, Annales V: Civilis , the leader of the rebels, withdraws into the Betuwe , destroys the Drusus dam and attacks the 10th Roman legion in Arenacum.
  4. ↑ List and mapping in Gorissen 1985 (see literature) pp. 28–35.
  5. ^ Frank Siegmund: Merovingian time on the Lower Rhine. Rhenish excavations 34. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1989, pp. 384–389.
  6. ^ Nomen et Gens, sources. Retrieved December 5, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Clear map in Bijsterfeld, p. 210.
  8. ↑ Gorissen 1985, pp. 37-48 (see literature). Gorissen offers pp. 102-108, no. 4, a version that comes closer to the original of the deed of gift than the previously commonly used copy.
  9. ↑ Manuel Hagemann: Johann von Kleve. In: Portal Rhenish History. LVR, accessed December 8, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Manuel Hagemann: The rule Kranenburg in the 14th century. In: Rhenish history - blogging scientifically. 2016, accessed December 8, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 80 .

literature

  • Arnoud-Jan Bijsterfeld et al. a .: The Dutch remote ownership of Echternach Abbey in the Early and High Middle Ages . In: Die Abtei Echternach 698-1998 , 1999, pp. 209-217 online version pdf
  • Friedrich Gorissen: Cattle (Harenatium - Rinharen). Roman Limes fort, Anglo-Scottish Coenobium Willibrords, feudal manorial rule and glory, Deichschau . Vol. 1: From the beginning of settlement to the end of glory. Presentation and sources , Kleve 1985. ISBN 3-924637-04-0
  • Frank Siegmund: Merovingian time on the Lower Rhine . Rheinische Ausgrabungen 34, Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1998. ISBN 3-7927-1247-4

Web links

Commons : Cattle  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files


See also