Trowels

This article describes Kellen as a district of Kleve; for further meanings see Trowels (disambiguation) .

Trowels City of Kleve
Coordinates: 51 ° 48 ′ 0 "  N , 6 ° 9 ′ 41"  E
Height :	approx. 15 m
Area :	11.25 km²
Residents :	7566  (December 31, 2015)
Population density :	673 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	1st July 1969
Postal code :	47533
Area code :	02821

old church ladles

new church ladles

Along with Materborn, Kellen is the largest district of Kleve located outside the core city on the Lower Rhine in North Rhine-Westphalia .

The place had 7566 inhabitants on December 31, 2015. The total area of ​​the place is 11.25 km². Kleve and Kellen merge with their buildings. Federal road 220 and federal road 9 run through the middle of the district .

history

Oldest documented mention

In the year 751/752 the Frankish nobleman Adalardus u. a. his farm "cellina" (ladles) and the associated forest of the Peterskirche to cattle , which with Willibrord's property soon passed to the Echternach monastery . From the certificate it can be seen that the “cellina” farm was a manorial property, a “villa”. In addition to the main courtyard “villa cellina” (courtyard Kellen), there were other sub-courtyards that were obliged to pay taxes and services. The Kellen farm was located where the riding arena (Wilhelmstrasse) is today. The deed of donation attests that there was already a settlement around the geest-like elevation on the old church in the 8th century. The beginnings of the municipality of Kellen go back 1,200 years.

The old church ladles

In the tower of the old church there is a memorial stone with the inscription: "On June 3rd the layman Grimoldus died". This former tombstone is dated to the 2nd half of the 10th century and is therefore an indication of the existence of a church in Kellen after 950. Secured by documents, one only learns about the existence of a church in Kellen around 100 years later. In a document dated May 6, 1069, Pope Alexander II confirmed the possession of cattle to the Echternach Abbey . At that time, the Rindern Church a. the dependent parish "Kennele" (Kellen).

Several construction periods can be clearly distinguished on today's old church: The choir square refers to a pre-Romanesque building, the south wall made of tuff is preserved. Today's church hall was built around 1200, the Gothic choir dates from around 1600. The church is under the patronage of St. Willibrord . Inside the old church there are some important works of art such as the oak pulpit (1724), the bronze tabernacle door by Wilhelm Schlüter (1950) and the Willibrord arm reliquary by Waldemar Kuhn (1955). In the tower of the old church, the Willibrord bell, which was cast in 1438, rings. An extensive renovation of the old church became necessary in the 1980s. Committed citizens founded the "Bauhütte Alte Kirche" and through a variety of activities it was possible to raise the funds necessary for the restoration.

The Griethausen Office

As a result of the French Revolution and the so-called " Revolutionary Wars ", Kleve was occupied by French troops in 1794. In the Treaty of Basel , concluded on April 5, 1795 between the Prussian King and France, the French were granted the right to keep the left bank of the Rhine under military occupation. At the beginning, the Prussian civil administration remained, but from 1798 the French civil administration was introduced. The Kleve district together with the Aachen, Cologne and Krefeld districts formed the “ Departement de la Roer ”. From May 14, 1800, the so-called "Mairien", mayor's offices, were established. For Kellen this meant: The communities Brienen , Kellen, Salmorth (with Schenkenschanz), Warbeyen (with the farmers Hurendeich) and Wardhausen were merged to form the Griethausen district. The new office was named after the largest community at the time, Griethausen, with 600 inhabitants. At the beginning of the 19th century, the community of Kellen had only 360 inhabitants. The civil administration from 1800 remained in place until the local reform in 1969.

The industrial community of Kellen

Until the end of the 19th century, the community of Kellen was dominated exclusively by agriculture. This only changed with the establishment of the margarine factories Van den Bergh (1888), Bensdorp (1901) and XOX / XOX-pastry in 1910.

These factories brought more and more workers to Kellen who urgently needed housing. As a result, more and more residential areas were built in Kellen. In just 30 years, the number of residents in Kellens grew from around 600 to 4,000 in 1928, due to the settlement of industrial companies, an increase of 650%. This rapid development of Kellen to an industrial community brought with it major structural problems. To alleviate these problems, u. a. In 1928 the so-called "welfare house" (today: St. Willibrord's home for the elderly) was built, which, among other things, took on the functions of a hospital ward, a kindergarten, a sewing school and a care center for the elderly. Since the old church was no longer sufficient to accommodate church visitors, the Ferdinandstrasse a new parish church, which was consecrated on November 19, 1930. The new town center of the Kellen parish was designed on the drawing board around the new church. During this time, the Willibrord School (today: teachers' seminar), a new kindergarten and new housing developments in close to the church.

The end of the independent community of Kellen

Due to the economic success of the industrial companies located around 1900, the city of Kleve made numerous attempts in the 20th century to expand the urban area at the expense of the municipality of Kellen. The first attempt at incorporation took place in 1906. In the turmoil after the end of the Second World War , the mayor's office of Kleve-Kellen-Materborn was founded by the British district commanders in April 1945. But the Kellen population was not ready to accept this incorporation. With success: On May 23, 1951, the Higher Administrative Court in Münster abolished the incorporation of Kellens. And since the city of Kleve was not immediately ready to release Kellen into full independence, on August 11, 1951 the memorable “March on Kleve” took place. Almost 2,000 citizens of Kellen moved with banners across Emmericher Strasse to the town hall in Kleve, which at that time was in today's Koekkoek house, and vented their displeasure. From April 1, 1952, the Kellen protests had achieved their goal: Kellen became independent again as part of the Griethausen Office. The office administration building was on Emmericher Strasse (today: Federal Police). The end of the independent municipality of Kellen came with the municipal reform on July 1, 1969. Since then, Kellen has been part of the district town of Kleve.

education

Schooling began in Kellen in the shadow of the old church. The Kellen children received their first "lesson" in the old church from the local pastor. Later, a "church school hall" was built right next to the old church as school space. The building was demolished in 1777 and a school building was built on the "Kleine Gemeinde" property. In the meantime, the teaching activity had been transferred to the respective owner of the sexton at the old church, as neither the sexton nor the teaching office alone could secure an existence.

With the introduction of compulsory schooling in 1794, teachers had to prove a pedagogical training before they could exercise their office. Teachers like Samuel van Haag (1819–1861) and Heinrich de Witt (1838–1912), remembered by a street in Kellen, taught at the one-class school at the old church (today: At church 40 / corner of Kreuzhofstraße).

With the development of Kellen into an industrial community, the schools were constantly being expanded: Towards the end of the 19th century, two and later three classes were established in the village school. In 1903 and 1910, additional classrooms were built in houses at An der Kirche 8a, 8b and 10. With the construction of the “outside school” (two-class with a teacher's apartment) on today's Overbergstrasse in 1906, the community of Kellen was divided into two school districts. The border was formed by the Ferdinand and Reeser Strasse line. One part of the students went to the school at the old church, the other part to the new "outside school". Since a lot of classroom space was still needed, the “outside school” was extended by two floors (4 classrooms, auditorium and caretaker's apartment) in 1923. Because of the many entrances, the school was soon popularly known as the “Fuchsbau”. From 1929 the school name was "Overbergschule".

With the new construction of the Willibrord School (Jungferngraben), completed in 1928, sufficient school places were available for the children of the community in Kellen for the first time at the end of the 1920s. In 1931 the school-age children were divided according to gender: the Willibrord School became a girls 'school and the Overberg school became a boys' school.

Nothing has been preserved from the old “outside school”, which later became the Overberg School. It had to give way to a new building. On September 22nd, 1964, the new school building (with gym) received the church's blessing and was given its intended purpose. Since the school year 1975/1976 is located in the premises of the former Overberg school " Willibrord - Elementary School " (Catholic confession primary school).

In addition to the Willibrord primary school, there are the following secondary schools in Kellen sponsored by the city of Kleve:

• Karl-Kisters-Realschule
• Konrad-Adenauer-Gymnasium

economy

The industrial operations that brought about the change in the community of Kellen from a village to an industrial community at the end of the 19th century no longer exist today. Little by little, XOX, Bensdorp and the van den Bergh margarine works closed. This was followed by one of the leading German manufacturers of children's shoes, the Heinrich Bause shoe factory. For the population of Kellen, the plant closings meant a bitter loss, as the industrial companies had secured wages and livelihoods for the citizens of the community - some for decades.

The former XOX biscuit factory is now used by a large number of smaller companies and for cultural projects. The XOX-Theater Kleve , founded and run by Wolfgang Paterok, has also found its place there.

In the municipality of Kellen there are today a large number of small and medium-sized craft and service companies, as well as some larger companies in the agricultural sector.

The connection to local public transport is guaranteed via several bus routes. The Kleve Station is located about one kilometer from the town center. There are general and specialist practices on site as well as several pharmacies. Kellen has several kindergartens, a primary school and three secondary schools. Sufficient areas have been designated and available as building plots within the municipality.

leisure

Kellen offers a variety of opportunities to exercise in your free time. Here are just a few club offers:

• Van-den-Berg Strasse skate park
• Allgemeine Schützengesellschaft 1911 Kellen
• Ballspielverein DJK 1913/1920 Kellen (football, table tennis, tennis, karate, volleyball, athletics)
• Civic Rifle Club 1952 Kellen
• Brejpott-Quaker Kellen Carnival Society
• Kellener Heimat- und Kulturverein Cellina
• Kellener Schützenverein e. V.
• Men's Choir 1905 Kellen
• Kellen Nature Park
• Kellen tennis club
• TTC 1976 blades (table tennis)

There are also hiking and cycling trails in Kellen, in particular the old Kleve-Spyck railway line, on which you can walk or cycle on the former railway line in a straight line from Kleve to the old Griethausen railway bridge and from there along the Old Rhine to entered the Netherlands.

In 1985 the association "Kellen Nature Park" was founded, which built and looks after a park with its voluntary helpers.

Furthermore, with the Kellener Altrhein and its numerous ponds, there is an area that has been placed under protection according to the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive of the EU.

Churches

In Kellen there is both a Catholic and a Protestant church congregation:

The Catholic parish , with the old church on Kreuzhofstrasse and the new parish church on Ferdinandstrasse, had St. Willibrord as patron until 2005 . After the merger of the formerly independent parishes of St. Willibrord Kellen, St. Martinus Griethausen and St. Hermes Warbeyen , the new parish bears the name: "Holy Trinity Kleve". The term Int Leeg is often wrongly used, which is just a slang phrase. The addition "Int Leeg" (in the lowland) describes the location of the three localities in the Rheinaue.

The Kellen Church of the Resurrection at Jahnstraße 25 belongs to the Protestant parish of Kleve. This is also where the parish rooms and the Protestant rectory are located. Achim Rohländer is the pastor.

literature

• Robert Scholten : Kellen, Warbeyen, Huisberden , Kleve 1903.
• Wolfgang Dahms: Alt-Kellen, Kleve 1987 ISBN 3-924637-07-5 .
• Kellener Heimat- und Kulturverein Cellina e. V .: Right in the middle - 75 years of the new town center Kellen, Kellen 2005.
• Friedrich Gorissen : Kellen - settlement and community in their historical development, Kellen 1954.
• Michael Kerst: The old church Kellen - a Lower Rhine gem, Kellen 1985.
• Jürgen Penciler: The construction of the new Willibrord Church, Kellen 1987.
• Joseph Bullmann: light and shadow, ladles without a year.
• Jürgen Pencil Steiner: Källe minn Heimat, Kellen 1997.
• Nature Park Kellen e. V .: Festschrift for the 25th anniversary of the association, Kellen 2010.

Web links

• Kellen , City of Kleve

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Kleve in brief. In: kleve.de. Retrieved April 23, 2019 . 
2. ^ Sabine Graumann: French administration on the Lower Rhine: the Roerdepartement 1798-1814 . In: (Düsseldorfer Schriften zur recent regional history and the history of North Rhine-Westphalia) . Klartext, Essen 1990, ISBN 978-3-88474-141-2 .
3. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 80 .