Canine coronavirus
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Canine coronavirus |
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The Canine coronavirus ( CCoV , species Alpha coronavirus 1 ) is a dog infestation forming Alpha coronavirus ( Coronaviridae ) the subgenus Tegacovirus .
The single-stranded enveloped RNA virus in 1971 to guard dogs discovered in Germany. A highly virulent form of the virus causes bowel disease in dogs. The virus enters its host cell by binding to alanine aminopeptidase .
Pathogenicity
The virus penetrates the villi of the small intestine and multiplies there. Intestinal diseases can be related to virus-induced apoptosis (programmed cell death) of cells in the epithelial lining of the small intestine. Canine coronavirus was originally thought to cause severe gastrointestinal illness, but today most cases are considered very mild or without symptoms. A more serious complication of canine coronavirus occurs when the dog is also infected with the parvovirus . Coronavirus infection of the villi makes the cells more susceptible to parvovirus infection. Occasional reports of fatal intestinal diseases in dogs associated with canine coronavirus without the presence of parvovirus are still reported. This could be related to the high mutation rate, which canine coronavirus is one of them.
Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and control
The incubation period is one to three days. The disease spreads through the faeces of infected dogs, which usually shed the virus six to nine days, but sometimes six months, after infection. Symptoms include diarrhea , vomiting, and anorexia . Treatment usually only requires medication for diarrhea. Severely affected dogs also need infusions to prevent dehydration . Deaths are rare. There is a vaccine ( ATCvet code: QI07AD11) that is usually given to puppies who are more susceptible to the virus, as well as dogs that are at high risk of exposure.
Known as Canine Respiratory Coronavirus (CRCoV) and similar to the OC43 strain of coronavirus from cattle and humans, a previously unknown variant of the virus was first isolated from lung samples from dogs in the United Kingdom in 2003 and has since been in mainland Europe and Japan discovered.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b v2 MSL # 34v, March 2019.
- ↑ a b c d ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ a b c Genetic evolution of canine coronavirus and recent advances in prophylaxis. Retrieved March 13, 2020 .
- ↑ Taxonomy browser (Canine coronavirus) . Retrieved March 1, 2020.
- ↑ ICTV 9th Report (2011) Coronaviridae ( en , html) Accessed January 10, 2019.
- ^ Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis. Retrieved March 13, 2020 .
- ^ A Ruggieri, L Di Trani, I Gatto, M Franco, E Vignolo, B Bedini, G Elia, C Buonavoglia: Canine coronavirus induces apoptosis in cultured cells . In: Vet Microbiol . 121, No. 1-2, 2007, pp. 64-72. doi : 10.1016 / j.vetmic.2006.12.016 . PMID 17254720 .
- ↑ a b Pratelli, A .: Canine Coronavirus Infection . In: Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases . 2005. Retrieved June 25, 2006.
- ↑ a b c Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine . WB Saunders Company, 1995, ISBN 978-0-7216-6795-9 .
- ↑ JF Evermann, JR Abbott, S. Han: Canine Coronavirus-Associated Puppy Mortality without Evidence of Concurrent Canine Parvovirus Infection . In: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation . tape 17 , no. 6 , November 2005, ISSN 1040-6387 , p. 610-614 , doi : 10.1177 / 104063870501700618 ( sagepub.com [accessed March 13, 2020]).
- ↑ Canio Buonavoglia, Nicola Decaro, Vito Martella, Gabriella Elia, Marco Campolo: Canine Coronavirus Highly Pathogenic for Dogs - Volume 12, Number 3 — March 2006 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC . doi : 10.3201 / eid1203.050839 ( cdc.gov [accessed March 13, 2020]).
- ↑ canine coronavirus ( English ) WHO Collaborating Center for Drug Statistics Methodology. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
- ↑ Kerstin Erles, Crista Toomey, Harriet W Brooks, Joe Brownlie: Detection of a group 2 coronavirus in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease . In: Virology . tape 310 , no. 2 , June 5, 2003, ISSN 0042-6822 , p. 216–223 , doi : 10.1016 / S0042-6822 (03) 00160-0 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed March 13, 2020]).
- ↑ Nicola Decaro, Costantina Desario, Gabriella Elia, Viviana Mari, Maria Stella Lucente: Serological and molecular evidence that canine respiratory coronavirus is circulating in Italy . In: Veterinary Microbiology . tape 121 , no. 3 , April 15, 2007, ISSN 0378-1135 , p. 225–230 , doi : 10.1016 / j.vetmic.2006.12.001 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed March 13, 2020]).
- ↑ Akiko Yachi, Masami Mochizuki: Survey of Dogs in Japan for Group 2 Canine Coronavirus Infection . In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology . tape 44 , no. 7 , July 1, 2006, ISSN 0095-1137 , p. 2615–2618 , doi : 10.1128 / JCM.02397-05 , PMID 16825396 ( asm.org [accessed March 13, 2020]).
- ↑ Ellis, John A .: Outbreak! How can we approach emerging diseases? . In: Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference . 2006. Retrieved January 28, 2007.