Spring foam herb

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Spring foam herb
Spring foam herb (Cardamine impatiens)

Spring foam herb ( Cardamine impatiens )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Cardamineae
Genre : Foam Herbs ( Cardamine )
Type : Spring foam herb
Scientific name
Cardamine impatiens
L.

The Cardamine impatiens ( Cardamine impatiens ) is a flowering plant in the family of the cabbage family (Brassicaceae). It is common in Eurasia .

description

Basal leaf rosette

The spring foam herb grows as an annual or biennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of about 10 to 50, sometimes up to 85 cm. The upright stem is predominantly in the upper part, more rarely branched to the base and bare.

The stem leaves have two pointed ears at their base, with which they encircle the stem. The more or less stalked leaflets are ovate to lanceolate with a length of 0.5 to 2.5 cm and asymmetrically three to seven-lobed or parted. They have a slightly larger terminal leaflet and ciliate on the edge, otherwise glabrous.

The rather dense grapes contain many flowers. The flower stalks are 2 to 8 mm long. The four sepals are lanceolate to linear with a length of 1.5 to 2 mm, greenish and with whitish skin margins towards the tip. The four petals are white, narrowly wedge-shaped and up to 3 mm long. However, they are often completely absent.

The upright to almost horizontal pods reach a length of 15 to 30 mm and a width of 0.8 to 1.2 mm.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Pods

ecology

The spring foam herb is annual (winter or summer annual) or a biennial plant that grows as a half rosette plant.

The flowering period is mainly between May and July. The top flowers are inconspicuous. There is insect pollination , but self-pollination is also possible.

Similar to balsam ( Impatiens spec.), The ripe pods burst when touched, causing the small seeds to be thrown through the air. The fruits are pods with self-spreading as juice pressure spreader d. H. the seeds jump spontaneously or after touching the pods about 2, rarely up to 5 meters. In addition, sticky spreads through the seeds, which are sticky when fresh; human expansion also occurs; accordingly, the spring foam herb is mainly found as a cultural companion on paths.

Vegetative reproduction occurs through leaf embryony , as in the meadow foam herb ( Cardamine pratensis ).

Occurrence

Spring foam herb ( herbarium evidence )

Cardamine impatiens is found across Europe and Asia. It is a Eurasian floral element. The spring foam herb occurs scattered in Central Europe . In the Allgäu Alps, it climbs up to 1780 m above sea level at the middle station of the Fellhornbahn in Bavaria.

It is widespread in Austria, while in Switzerland it can only be found in places. The spring foam herb occurs in Germany in the central and southwestern area scattered to widespread. In the north and east, however, it is rare or completely absent.

Spring foam herb grows in mixed deciduous forest communities. It mostly prefers moist, nutrient-rich, lime-free soils . In Central Europe it is an Alliarion association character that occurs primarily in contact with Tilio-Acerion and Alno-Ulmion companies.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 459-460 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 184 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr , Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching near Munich 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 588.

Web links

Commons : Spring Foamwort ( Cardamine impatiens )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files