Carl Emil Gedike

Carl Emil Gedicke (born September 6, 1797 in Berlin , † March 27, 1867 in Berlin) was a German doctor. He headed the Royal Prussian Nursing School at the Charité in Berlin.

Life

Carl Emil Gedicke was the son of the pedagogue Friedrich Gedike . He enrolled in 1816 at the Friedrichs University Halle for medicine and became a member of the Corps Teutonia Halle. Late in 1817 he reached the Wartburg Festival .

“There is still a boy to be named, Gedicke by name, who, wandering from Berlin to Denmark and Norway, pilgrimed down from Norway via Copenhagen and Kiel to Eisenach for the high festival, a mighty wanderer, up from Kiel - truly it is the truth - in no more than six days (on horseback and mostly on foot), by incorrectly counting the vastness and distance, and finally by getting lost in the forest at night, he did not arrive at the Wartburg until the 20th evening, where the last remaining group of boys gave him joy received, and he found compensation in several dear friends and old comrades-in-arms for his unsuccessful and frustrated wandering. But he carries the reward in his chest, conscious of his goodwill. "

- Bold

He moved to the new University of Berlin , where he wrote his doctoral thesis on the Norwegian plague in 1818. In 1820 he opened a general practitioner practice. At the suggestion of the doctor and nursing reformer, Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach , Gedicke got a position as a teacher in theoretical subjects at the Charité's newly founded Royal Prussian Nursing School in 1832. Dieffenbach later gave Gedicke the responsibility for the practical training of the budding nurses and, from 1844, the overall management of the school.

Thick brother-in-law was the historian and writer Friedrich Christoph Förster .

Engagement in nursing

Gedicke inherited Dieffenbach's textbook Instructions for Sickness Maintenance , which had gone to press in 1837, and revised the book. The Gedickes textbook was also called Instructions for Sick Maintenance and had the subtitle For use in the nursing school of the Berlin Charité sanatorium and for self-teaching . The first edition appeared in Berlin in 1837, the second edition appeared there in 1846, and finally the third edition appeared in 1854 under the title Handbuch der Krankenwartung . Gedicke expanded Dieffenbach's textbook to include chapters on the maintenance of pregnant women, childbearing women and the newborn child, maintenance of the mentally ill, and the manner in which the nurse should report to the doctor about the patient. The Ministry for Clergy, Education and Medical Affairs in Prussia recommended this textbook, revised by Gedicke, for general use in the training of nurses (and a few nurses) in Prussia in the first comprehensive discussion about maintenance staff in Germany in 1842. At the time, training for nursing staff at the Charité and in private nursing lasted initially five months and later only three months. In this comparatively short period of time, the prospective nurses also had to learn to read and write, provided they had not already incorporated this skill into the training, for which they needed a police clearance certificate. The aspiring nurses should also acquire knowledge of the human body. They should implement the doctor's orders, should be able to observe the sick and give the doctor regular reports on the condition of the sick. Furthermore, if they did not come from a Christian context anyway, they should learn Christian values ​​such as mercy and philanthropy. The lessons therefore always ended with a service in the Charité church.

Gedicke already dealt with detailed sequences of actions in nursing, for example with the process of making beds. In the eighth section of his book " From the bedside, the bed and other circumstances to be considered in the bedside of the patient " (Handbuch 1854), this process had to take place in three time periods. After transferring the patient to another bed or an armchair, the bed base and pillow should be shaken up properly, the mattress or straw mattress should be turned, the sheet should be straightened and clamped firmly, evenly and wrinkle-free from both sides. Breadcrumbs or other annoying items should be removed from the bed to avoid sagging. In the third phase, the patient should be transported back to bed. Gedike was admitted to the Berlin Medical College as an assessor in 1844 and was promoted to Medical Council in 1849.

The Heidelberg doctor Franz Anton Mai had already written a first textbook for patient maintenance in 1782. Thick textbook, on the other hand, is one of the first textbooks to document systematic knowledge of patient maintenance in Prussia . Thick textbook has been revised several times. Friedrich Wilhelm Theodor Ravoth (1816–1878) and the military doctors Oskar Riebel (1847–1925) and Rudolf Salzwedel (1854–1929) updated it. In 1909 the last update by Salzwedel was transferred to the official Prussian nursing textbook.

Pedagogical claim

Gedicke was concerned with educating the future nursing staff to be independent during their training. The students should therefore develop the subject matter independently in lectures. A few decades later, Gedike was followed by the surgeon Richard Poelchen (1857–1947), who had founded a nurses' school in Zeitz before the First World War, with this concern for the independence of nurses . Poelchen recommended Carl Emil Gedike's "Handbook of Sickness Maintenance", which has since been published several times, as literature. The nursing scientist Ruth Elster (1913–2002) was one of the later student nurses at the Zeitz nursing school .

Publications

• Sick Maintenance Instructions. For use in the nursing school of the Berlin Charité sanatorium, as well as for self-teaching . Hirschwald Verlag Berlin, 1837.
• Medical Maintenance Manual. For use in the nursing school of the K. Berliner Charité-Heilanstalt, as well as for self-teaching . 3rd completely revised and enlarged edition, Hirschwald Verlag Berlin, 1854.
• Medical Maintenance Manual. 3rd, completely revised and enlarged edition. With an afterword by Dr. phil. Dr. med. Manfred Stürzbecher . Lindau: Antiqua-Verlag, 1979. Facsimile print based on the original Berlin, Hirschwald 1854.
• Przewodnik do pielęgnowania chorych: do użycia w szkole posługi chorych berlińskiego zakładu lekarskiego Szaryte, tudzież do własnej nauki , 1854.

literature

• Peter Schneck, Hans-Uwe Lammel (ed.): The medicine at the Berlin University and at the Charité between 1810 and 1850. S. 202–208, Matthiesen Verlag Husum 1995.
• Horst-Peter Wolff: Biographical lexicon on nursing history "Who was who in nursing history". Volume 1, p. 60, Ullstein Mosby Berlin / Wiesbaden 1997.
• Christoph Schweikardt: The development of nursing into a state-recognized activity in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The interaction of modernization efforts, medical dominance, denominational self-assertion and the guidelines of Prussian government policy. Cape. II.1.4, pp. 50–54, Martin Meidenbauer Verlagsbuchhandlung Munich 2008. Schweikardt: Online Resource

Web links

• German digital library Carl Emil Gedicke

Individual evidence

1. ^ Kösener corps lists 1910, 108 , 97
2. ^ Bernhard Sommerlad: Wartburg Festival and Corps students . Einst und Jetzt, Volume 16 (1979), p. 36 (No. 25).
3. ↑ Dissertation: De morbo quem radesyge dicunt, in Norvegia endemico . Berolini Berlin 1818 (lat.)
4. ↑ Kreß, Alexandra: Routine actions in nursing from a nursing science perspective using the example of “making beds”, diploma thesis Ev. Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences 2000, academic supervisor Ulrike Höhmann , pp. 27 + 28.
5. ↑ Christine R. Auer: History of the nursing professions as a subject. The curriculum development in nursing education and training. Dissertation Institute History of Medicine Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , academic advisor Wolfgang U. Eckart , 2008, p. 80.
6. ↑ Volker Klimpel : Richard Poelchen. In: Hubert Kolling (Ed.): Biographical Lexicon for Nursing History - Who was Who in Nursing History. Volume nine, Hpsmedia GmbH Nidda, 2020, p. 151 f.