Carolina hemlock

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Carolina hemlock
Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana) in North Carolina

Carolina hemlock ( Tsuga caroliniana ) in North Carolina

Systematics
Class : Coniferopsida
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Pine family (Pinaceae)
Subfamily : Abietoideae
Genre : Hemlocks ( Tsuga )
Type : Carolina hemlock
Scientific name
Tsuga caroliniana
Engelm.
Branch with needles

The Carolina hemlock ( Tsuga caroliniana ) is a conifer of the hemlock genus . It grows in the United States in the Appalachian Mountains .

description

The Carolina hemlock is a 15 to 25 meter high tree that reaches a breast height of 50 to 60 centimeters (maximum 150 centimeters). The bark of older trees is rough and scaly, reddish gray on the outside and reddish brown bark in the cracks. The dense crown is conical, the branches are protruding and often drooping. The shoots are somewhat hairy and shiny orange-brown in the furrows, the buds are oval and rounded.

The entire needles are parted on the branches. They are 15 to 20 millimeters long and 1.5 to 2.0 millimeters wide, are rounded or trimmed at the front. The upper side is glossy dark green and furrowed, the underside shows two striking white stomata opening stripes .

The cones are elongated-egg-shaped, about 2.0 to 3.5 inches long, with a short stalk or sessile. The cone scales are oblong-egg-shaped, rounded, thick and hairy on the outside somewhat downy. At maturity they are widely spread. The pollen is released between March and April, the cones ripen from the end of August to the end of September of the following year, the seeds are released over the winter from September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Distribution, ecology and endangerment

The range of the species is in eastern North America and stretches along the Appalachian Mountains from Virginia over Tennessee, South Carolina, North Carolina to northern Georgia .

The Carolina hemlock grows on dry, rocky slopes at 750 to 1200 meters, less often from 600 and up to 1500 meters altitude on permeable, acidic to neutral, sandy or gravelly humus-rich, moderately nutrient-rich, lime-poor soils . They can be found in sunny to light-shaded locations. The annual rainfall exceeds 1000 millimeters and falls over the whole year.

In the Red List of IUCN the Carolina hemlock will be deemed not at risk ( "Lower Risk / least concern"). It is pointed out, however, that a new check of the risk is necessary.

Systematics

The Carolina hemlock ( Tsuga caroliniana ) is a species of the genus of the hemlock ( Tsuga ). There it is assigned to the subgenus Tsuga . The specific epithet caroliniana refers to the two US states North Carolina and South Carolina .

use

The wood is rarely used due to its rarity and mediocre quality, but the species is popular as a park tree and hedge plant. In Central Europe it is hardy .

literature

  • Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 2 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3 , pp. 1009-1010 .
  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 792.
  • Schütt, Schuck, Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 , pp. 534 .

Web links

Commons : Carolina Hemlock  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files
  • Tsuga caroliniana. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed May 28, 2011 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Christopher J. Earle: Tsuga caroliniana. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved May 28, 2011 .
  2. ↑ a b Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 2, p. 1009
  3. ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 792
  4. ^ Tropicos. [1]
  5. ↑ a b c Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 2, p. 1010
  6. ↑ a b c Schütt et al .: Lexicon of Tree and Shrub Types, p. 534
  7. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Tsuga. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 11, 2019.
  8. ↑ Tsuga caroliniana in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Accessed May 28, 2011th
  9. ↑ Christopher J. Earle: Tsuga. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved May 28, 2011 .