Candidatus Carsonella ruddii

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" Candidatus Carsonella ruddii"
Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Department : Proteobacteria
Class : Gammaproteobacteria
without rank: " Candidatus Carsonella"
without rank: " Candidatus Carsonella ruddii"
Scientific name
" Candidatus Carsonella ruddii"
Thao et al. 2000

" Candidatus Carsonella ruddii" is a bacterium with a genome of only about 182 genes , which makes it the organism with the smallest known genome size . While the bacterium consists of 159,662 building blocks or 182 genes, a person has more than three billion building blocks or approx. 20,000 - 25,000 genes. With this, “ Candidatus Carsonella ruddii” even dispenses with genes that researchers had previously classified as indispensable.

The bacterium lives endosymbiotically in specialized cells of leaf fleas , from whose metabolism it benefits. In return, it supplies the leaf fleas with amino acids . This symbiosis enables the bacterium to do without many genes.

This bacterium was placed as " Candidatus Carsonella ruddii" without any further classification to the Gammaproteobacteria . Breeding in the laboratory is not possible because of the specialized metabolism as an endosymbiont within other living cells. A position on an order or family is still open.

A publication is devoted to the question of the boundary between cell and organelle based on the genome analysis of " Candidatus Carsonella ruddii" and is freely available.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bild der Wissenschaft , 1/2007, p. 9
  2. ↑ Michael L. Tress, Jesus Vazquez, Jose Manuel Rodriguez, Maria Rigau, Laura Martinez: Loose ends: almost one in five human genes still have unresolved coding status . In: Nucleic Acids Research . tape 46 , no. 14 , 21 August 2018, ISSN  0305-1048 , p. 7070-7084 , doi : 10.1093 / nar / gky587 ( oup.com [accessed July 30, 2019]).
  3. ↑ How Many Genes Are There? February 23, 2008, accessed July 30, 2019 .
  4. ↑ a b Ilka Lehnen-Beyel: Environment + Nature: World record in saving genes. In: Image of Science . October 13, 2006, accessed May 7, 2015 .
  5. ^ Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Some names included in the Candidatus category (Taxonomic category not covered by the Rules of the Bacteriological Code). In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, Systematics of Bacteria (LPSN) . Retrieved December 16, 2019 .
  6. ↑ J. Tamames, R. Gil et al. a .: The frontier between cell and organelle: genome analysis of Candidatus Carsonella ruddii. In: BMC Evolutionary Biology. Volume 7, 2007, ISSN  1471-2148 , p. 181, doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2148-7-181 , PMID 17908294 , PMC 2175510 (free full text).

literature

  • Siegfried Scherer: Bacterial endosymbionts of plant lice with greatly reduced genomes . In: Studium Integrale Journal . 14th year / issue 2, October 2007, p. 66–73 ( online [accessed December 28, 2018]).

Web links