Caularthron
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Flowers of Caularthron bicornutum |
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The genus Caularthron from the family of orchids (Orchidaceae) includes four plants , all in Central and South America occur. The plants usually grow epiphytically or on rocks.
description
All species of this genus form pseudobulbs on a creeping rhizome at a short distance . These are long and cigar-shaped, they consist of several internodes . At the base they are separated from the rhizome by a stem-like constriction. Sometimes they are hollow and are inhabited by ants. The rhizome and shoot are surrounded by membranous lower leaves. In the upper area of the pseudobulbs there are several leaves arranged in two rows . The leaves are long oval, fleshy, folded in the bud along the midrib.
The racemose inflorescence appears at the tip of the shoot, without the flower sheath. The resupinated flowers gradually open from bottom to top. The sepals and petals are almost the same shape and colored white or pink, the three inner petals are usually wider, all petals are pointed at the end. The lip is unlobed or trilobal with small side lobes. On the lip are two large protrusions that are hollow from below. The lip is not fused with the column . The column is short and broadened with two fleshy wings at the end. The stamen sits at the end of the column or is slightly shifted on top, it contains four pollinia .
distribution
The species of the genus Caularthron occur from Mexico across Central America and the Caribbean to South America. There they grow as epiphytes in periodically dry forests at low altitudes.
Systematics
Within the subfamily Epidendroideae , the genus Caularthron is classified in the tribe Epidendreae and there in the subtribe Laeliinae . Caularthron is closely related to Epidendrum , Oerstedella , Barkeria , Orleanesia .
The following four species have been described in this genus:
- Caularthron amazonicum (Schltr.) HGJones , Trinidad, Venezuela and northern Brazil.
- Caularthron bicornutum (Hook.) Raf. , northern South America.
- Caularthron bilamellatum (Rchb.f.) RESchult. , Mexico to Brazil.
- Caularthron kraenzlinianum H.G. Jones , Lesser Antilles.
literature
- CH Dodson, CA Luer (2005): Orchidaceae part 2 (Aa-Cyrtidiorchis) . In: G. Harling, L. Andersson (Eds.): Flora of Ecuador . Vol. 76, pp. 186ff. Botanical Institute, Göteborg University, ISBN 91-88896-51-X
- Carl L. Withner (1998): The Cattleyas and their relatives . Vol. 5, pp. 69ff. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon ISBN 0-88192-456-3
Individual evidence
- ^ Cássio van den Berg et al. (2000): A phylogenetic analysis of Laeliinae (Orchidaceae) based on sequence data from internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Lindleyana 15 (2): 96-114. Online, accessed on December 14, 2007 ( Memento of the original from September 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Caularthron. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 9, 2018.
