Laeliinae

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Laeliinae
Laelia albida

Laelia albida

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Epidendreae
Sub tribus : Laeliinae
Scientific name
Laeliinae
Benth.

In the subtribe laeliinae a group of 45 genera from the family of orchids summarized (Orchidaceae). They are only found in tropical America, where they represent an important part of the orchid flora with around 2000 species . Most species grow epiphytically and are adapted to periodic dry seasons with leathery leaves and pseudobulbs as storage organs. This subtribe contains some of the most frequently cultivated orchids with large, colored flowers , for example from the genera Cattleya , Laelia or Sophronitis .

description

The species gathered here are perennial , mostly evergreen plants that live epiphytically or, more rarely, terrestrially. The individual shoots stand along a rhizome and have limited growth. The shoot is either elongated and resembles a bamboo stalk or is thickened to pseudobulbs, these usually consist of several internodes . The roots are surrounded by a velamen . The leaves are two-lined or terminal on the shoot, they are folded in the bud along the midrib and usually have a separating tissue at the base. The inflorescence is often at the end of the shoots, the number, size and shape of the flowers are very variable. The column is often winged, the stamen is at its end and is often bent down opposite the column axis. The number of pollinia is often eight, in some species twelve, in others it is reduced to four or two. The pollinia have a characteristic, laterally compressed shape. They are clearly held together by stalks that are produced from anthers tissue (caudiculae) and can be connected with an adhesive disc (viscidium). The scar consists of only one surface.

The number of chromosomes is usually 2n = 40, deviations downwards (2n = 24, 2n = 38) or upwards (2n = 42, 2n = 56) are possible.

distribution

The Laeliinae are distributed exclusively in tropical America, from Mexico and the southern tip of Florida in the north to Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina in the south.

Systematics

Earlier systematic concepts were mostly based on the number of pollinia: the genus boundaries were drawn in such a way that a uniform number occurred within each genus. Other morphological features that were used for the delimitation were the degree of fusion between the lip and column and the presence of a column base.

More recent studies have not only changed the family grouping of the genera, but in some cases also shifted the delimitation of the genera.

The genera Dilomilis and Neocogniauxia are more closely related to the Pleurothallidinae and can no longer be found in the Subtribus Laeliinae. Ponera , Helleriella and Isochilus are also no longer placed here and form the Subtribus Ponerinae . The genus Meiracyllium, on the other hand, was moved from its own subtribe Meiracylliinae back to the Laeliinae, as was Arpophyllum (Arpophylliinae). To this extent, the subtribe Laeliinae is monophyletic. Sister group are the Pleurothallidinae, the further relationship is summarized in the Neotropical tribe Epidendreae .

The following genera are counted among the Laeliinae:

  • Acrorchis Dressler , a kind
  • Adamantinia Van den Berg & CNGonç. , a kind of
  • Alamania La Llave & Lex. , A kind
  • Arpophyllum La Llave & Lex. , Four species
  • Artorima Dressler & GEPollard , a kind
  • Barkeria Knowles & Westc. , 15 kinds
  • Brassavola R.Br. , 20 kinds
  • Broughtonia R.Br. , 6 kinds
    • Syn. Cattleyopsis Lem. , Laeliopsis Lindl.
  • Cattleya Lindl. , 45 kinds
    • Syn. Maelenia Dum .
  • Cattleyella Van den Berg & MWChase , a kind
    • Syn. Schluck beeria Braem
  • Caularthron Raf. , four types
    • Syn. Diacrium (Lindl.) Benth. , Dothilophis Raf.
  • Constantia Barb. Rodr. , 5 kinds
  • Dimerandra Schltr. , a kind of
  • Dinema Lindl. , a kind of
  • Domingoa Schltr. , 5 kinds
    • Syn. Hartwegia Lindl. , Nageliella L.O.Williams
  • Encyclia Hook. , 120 kinds
  • Epidendrum L. , 1500 species
    • Syn. Amblostoma Scheidw. , Amblystoma Kuntze , Amphiglottis Salisb. , Amphiglottium (Salisb.) Lindl. ex Stein , Auliza Salisb. , Auliza Salisb. ex Small , Aulizeum Lindl. ex Stein , Coilostylis Raf. , Didothion Raf. , Diothonea Lindl. , Epidanthus L.O.Williams , Epidendropsis Garay & Dunst. , Gastropodium Lindl. , Hemiscleria Lindl. , Kalopternix Garay & Dunst. , Lanium (Lindl.) Benth. , Larnandra Raf. , Minicolumna Brieger , Nanodes Lindl. , Neohlemannia Kraenzl. , Neowilliamsia Garay , Nyctosma Raf. , Oerstedella Rchb.f. , Physinga Lindl. , Pleuranthium (Rchb.f.) Benth. , Pseudepidendrum Rchb.f. , Psilanthemum Klotszch ex stone , Seraphyta fish. & CAMey. , Spathiger Small , Spathium Lindl. ex Stein , Stenoglossum Kunth , Tritelandra Raf.
  • Guarianthe Dressler & WEHiggins , 4 types
  • Hagsatera R.González , 2 species
  • Homalopetalum Rolfe , 7 species
    • Syn. Pinelia Lindl. , Pinelianthe Rauschert
  • Isabelia Barb. Rodr. , 3 kinds
    • Syn. Neolauchea Kraenzl. , Sophronitella Schltr.
  • Jacquiniella Schltr. , 11 kinds
    • Syn. Dressleriella Brieger , Briegeria Senghas
  • Laelia Lindl. , 25 kinds
    • Syn. Amalia Lindl. , Amalias Hofmsgg. , Schomburgkia Lindl.
  • Leptotes Lindl. , 5 kinds
  • Loefgrenianthus Hoehne , a species
  • Meiracyllium Rchb.f. , 2 species
  • Microepidendrum Brieger ex WEHiggins , a species
  • Myrmecophila Rolfe , 10 species
  • Nidema Britton & Millsp. , 2 species
  • Oestlundia W.E. Higgins , 4 species
  • Orleanesia Barb. Rodr. , 11 kinds
  • Prosthechea Knowles & West c. , 100 kinds
    • Syn. Epithecium Knowles & Westc. , Hormidium Heynh. , Anacheilium Hoffmgg. , Euchile (Dressler & GEPollard) Withner , Pseudencyclia Chiron & VPCastro , Panarica Withner & PAHarding , Pollardia Withner & PAHarding
  • Pseudolaelia Porto & Brade , 10 species
    • Syn. Renata Ruschi
  • Psychilis Raf. , 15 kinds
  • Pygmaeorchis Brade , 2 species
  • Quisqueya Dod , 4 species
  • Rhyncholaelia Schltr. , 2 species
  • Scaphyglottis Poepp. & Endl. , 60 kinds
    • Syn. Hexisea Lindl. , Cladobium Lindl. , Hexadesmia Brongn. , Tetragamestus Rchb.f. , Reichenbachanthus Barb. Rodr. , Fractiungis Schltr. , Leaoa Schltr. & Porto , Pachystele Schltr. , Costaricaea Schltr. , Ramonia Schltr. , Platyglottis L.O.Williams
  • Sophronitis Lindl. , 61 species
    • Syn. Sophronia Lindl. , Lophoglottis Raf. , Hoffmannseggella H.G.Jones , Hadrolaelia (Schltr.) Chiron & VPCastro , Dungsia Chiron & VPCastro , Microlaelia (Schltr.) Chiron & VPCastro , Chironiella Braem , Brasilaelia Campacci
  • Tetramicra Lindl. , 13 kinds

supporting documents

  • Cássio van den Berg et al. (2000): A phylogenetic analysis of Laeliinae (Orchidaceae) based on sequence data from internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Lindleyana 15 (2): 96-114. ( PDF )
  • Cássio van den Berg et al. (2005): An overview of the phylogenetic relationships within Epidendreae inferred from multiple DNA regions and recircumsription of Epidendreae and Arethuseae (Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany 92 (4): 613-624. ( PDF )
  • Cássio van den Berg, Mark W. Chase (2004): A reappraisal of Laeliinae: Taxonomic history, phylogeny and new generic alliances. Orchid Digest 4: 2004 221–225 ( PDF )
  • Robert L. Dressler (1993): Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family. 192. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-45058-6

Web links

Commons : Laeliinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files