Chairman of Ways and Means

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The Chairman of Ways and Means is a senior member of the House of Commons . He is the first of the speaker's three representatives . Since the choice of Lindsay Hoyle for Speaker of the House of Commons on 4 November 2019 the office is unoccupied.

history

The Chairman of Ways and Means is the main deputy speaker of the House of Commons. In the absence of the speaker, he chairs the parliamentary sessions. The Chairman is also head of the Committee of the Whole House .

The title is derived from the former Committee of Ways and Means. This was headed by the respective incumbent from 1641 until its dissolution in 1967. The duties of the committee were taken over by the Chancellor of the Exchequer .

In the mid-19th century the position of Chairman of Ways and Means was merged with that of Deputy Speaker. Since 1853 he has been the speaker's official deputy. Under the Deputy Speakers Act 1855, he can exercise all of his powers in the absence of the speaker.

At the end of the 17th century the speaker was in a difficult position. It was supposed to represent the interests of the House vis-à-vis the King on the one hand and those of the King vis-à-vis the House on the other. Therefore the House of Commons decided to consult as a Committee of the whole House when advising on royal finances. The chair should be chaired by a separate official and not by the speaker, who was seen as the "king's spy". It has become a tradition for the same MP to be elected chairman for several consecutive sessions. From 1800 the position was paid.

This committee was responsible for the budget. This also gives rise to the tradition that the chairman conducts the annual budget debate. Between 1641 and 1967, he led the budget debate as the committee proposed the tax increases. In 1968 and 1989 the speaker led the budget debate. Often the chairman previously chaired a standing committee or was a minister.

Since 1902 the House of Commons has appointed a First Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means and since 1971 a Second Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means, who represent the Chairman of Ways and Means in his duties such as chairing the debate and chairing the Committee of the Whole House . Some tasks are reserved for the chairman. He has general oversight of private bill-related matters, oversees meeting preparation at Westminster Hall, and chairs the Panel of Committee Chairs.

Once appointed, the chairman or his deputies traditionally do not participate in any parliamentary debate or vote unless a stalemate arises . In contrast to the speaker, the chairman and his deputy remain members of their parties and run as party politicians in the elections. The Chairman and the Second Deputy Chairman are elected by the opposing party of the previous speaker's party, while the First Deputy Chairman is from the previous speaker's party. Since these four people abstained from voting, the opposition and the ruling party lost two votes. So this cancels out.

Traditionally, a deputy speaker wears a cut (a black frock coat with a black vest and striped gray and black trousers) when chairing the meeting .

List of Chairmen of Ways and Means since 1826

Entries in bold indicate a chairman who was later elected Speaker of the House of Commons.

From To Surname Political party Constituency Honor after the resignation
1826 1831 Sir Alexander Grant, Bt Conservative Aldborough, Westbury no
1831 1841 Ralph Bernal Whig Rochester no
1841 1847 Thomas Greene Conservative Lancaster no
1847 1852 Ralph Bernal Whig Rochester no
1852 1853 John Wilson-Patten Conservative North Lancashire Baron Winmarleigh
1853 1855 Hon. Edward Pleydell-Bouverie Whig Kilmarnock Burghs no
1855 1859 Henry FitzRoy Conservative Lewes no
1859 1864 William Nathaniel Massey Liberal Salford no
1865 1872 John George Dodson Liberal East Sussex Baron Monk Bretton (1884)
1872 1874 John Bonham Carter Liberal Winchester no
1874 1880 Henry Cecil Raikes Conservative Chester no
1880 1883 Lyon Playfair Liberal Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities Baron Playfair
1883 1885 Sir Arthur Otway, Bt Liberal Rochester no
1886 1893 Leonard Courtney Liberal Bodmin Baron Courtney of Penwith
1893 1895 John William Mellor Liberal Sowerby no
1895 1905 James Lowther Conservative Penrith Viscount Ullswater
1905 1906 Sir John Lawson, Bt Conservative Thirsk and Malton Baronetcy
1906 1911 Alfred Emmott Liberal Oldham Baron Emmott
1911 1921 John Henry Whitley Liberal Halifax no
1921 1924 James Hope Conservative Sheffield Central Baron Rankeillour
Feb 1924 Oct 1924 Robert Young Labor Newton Knighthood
1924 1929 James Hope Conservative Sheffield Central Baron Rankeillour
1929 1931 Robert Young Labor Newton Knighthood
1931 1943 Dennis Herbert Conservative Watford Baron Hemingford
Jan 1943 March 1943 Douglas Clifton Brown Conservative Hexham Viscount Ruffside
1943 1951 James Milner Labor Leeds South East Baron Milner of Leeds
1951 1959 Sir Charles MacAndrew Unionist / Conservative Bute and Northern Ayrshire Baron MacAndrew
1959 1962 Gordon Touche Conservative Dorking Baronetcy
1962 1964 Sir William Anstruther-Gray Unionist / Conservative Berwick and East Lothian Baron Kilmany
1964 1965 Horace King Labor Southampton Itchen Baron Maybray-King
1965 1966 Sir Samuel Storey, Bt Conservative Stretford Baron Buckton
1966 1968 Sir Eric Fletcher Labor Islington East Baron Fletcher
1968 1970 Sydney Irving Labor Dartford Baron Irving of Dartford
1970 1974 Sir Robert Grant-Ferris Conservative Nantwich Baron Harvington
1974 1976 George Thomas Labor Cardiff West Viscount Tonypandy
1976 1979 Oscar Murton Conservative Poole Baron Murton of Lindisfarne
1979 1983 Bernard Weatherill Conservative Croydon North East Baron Weatherill
1983 1992 Harold Walker Labor Doncaster Central Baron Walker of Doncaster
1992 1997 Michael Morris Conservative Northampton South Baron Naseby
1997 2010 Sir Alan Haselhurst Conservative Saffron Walden Baron Haselhurst
2010 2019 Sir Lindsay Hoyle Labor Chorley no
2020 current Eleanor Laing Conservative Epping Forest no

List of First Deputy Chairmen of Ways and Means

From To Surname Political party Constituency Honor after the resignation
1902 1905 Arthur Frederick Jeffreys Conservative Basingstoke Baron Jeffreys
1905 1906 Laurence Hardy Conservative Ashford no
1906 1910 James Caldwell Liberal Lanarkshire Mid no
1910 1911 John Henry Whitley Liberal Halifax no
1911 1918 Donald Maclean Liberal Peebles and Selkirk Knighthood
1919 1923 Sir Edwin Cornwall Liberal Bethnal Green North-East Baronetcy
Feb 1924 Oct 1924 Cyril Entwistle Liberal Hull South West no
Dec 1924 1928 Edward FitzRoy Conservative Daventry Knighthood
1928 1929 Dennis Herbert Conservative Watford Baron Hemingford
1929 1931 Herbert Dunnico Labor Consett Knighthood
1931 1938 Robert Bourne Conservative Oxford no
1938 1943 Douglas Clifton Brown Conservative Hexham Viscount Ruffside
Jan 1943 March 1943 James Milner Labor Leeds South East Baron Milner of Leeds
1943 1945 Charles Williams Conservative Torquay no
1945 1948 Hubert Beaumont Labor Batley and Morley no
1948 1950 Frank Bowles Labor Nuneaton Baron Bowles
1950 1951 Sir Charles MacAndrew Unionist / Conservative Bute and Northern Ayrshire Baron MacAndrew
1951 1956 Rhys Hopkin Morris Liberal Carmarthen Knighthood
1956 1959 Gordon Touche Conservative Dorking Baronetcy
1959 1962 Sir William Anstruther-Gray Unionist / Conservative Berwick and East Lothian Baron Kilmany
1962 1964 Sir Robert Grimston, Bt Conservative Westbury Baron Grimston of Westbury
1964 1965 Sir Samuel Storey, Bt Conservative Stretford Baron Buckton
1965 1966 Roderic Bowen Liberal Ceredigion no
1966 1968 Sydney Irving Labor Dartford Baron Irving of Dartford
1968 1970 Harry Gourlay Labor Kirkcaldy no
1970 1973 Betty Harvie Anderson Conservative East Renfrewshire Baroness Skrimshire of Quarter
1973 1974 Lance Mallalieu Labor brig Knighthood
1974 1976 Oscar Murton Conservative Poole Baron Murton of Lindisfarne
1976 1979 Sir Myer Galpern Labor Glasgow Shettleston Baron Galpern
1979 1982 Bryant Godman Irvine Conservative Rye Knighthood
1982 1987 Ernest Armstrong Labor North West Durham no
1987 1992 Sir Paul Dean Conservative Woodspring Baron Dean of Harptree
1992 1997 Geoffrey Lofthouse Labor Pontefract and Castleford Baron Lofthouse of Pontefract
1997 2000 Michael Martin Labor Glasgow Springburn Baron Martin of Springburn
2000 2010 Sylvia Heal Labor Halesowen and Rowley Regis no
2010 2013 Nigel Evans Conservative Ribble Valley no
2013 2020 Lady Eleanor Laing Conservative Epping Forest no
2020 current Lady Rosie Winterton Labor Doncaster Central

List of Second Deputy Chairmen of Ways and Means

From To Surname Political party Constituency Honor after the resignation
1971 1973 Lance Mallalieu Labor brig no
1973 1974 Oscar Murton Conservative Poole Baron Murton of Lindisfarne
1974 1976 Sir Myer Galpern Labor Glasgow Shettleston Baron Galpern
1976 1979 Sir Bryant Godman Irvine Conservative Rye no
1979 1981 Richard Crawshaw Labor Liverpool Toxteth Baron Crawshaw of Aintree
1981 1982 Ernest Armstrong Labor North West Durham no
1982 1987 Sir Paul Dean Conservative Woodspring Baron Dean of Harptree
1987 1992 Betty Boothroyd Labor West Bromwich West Baroness Boothroyd
1992 1997 Lady Janet Fookes Conservative Plymouth Drake Baroness Fookes
1997 2010 Sir Michael Lord Conservative Central Suffolk and North Ipswich Baron Framlingham
2010 2015 Lady Dawn Primarolo Labor Bristol South Baroness Primarolo
2015 2017 Natascha Engel Labor North East Derbyshire no
2017 2020 Lady Rosie Winterton Labor Doncaster Central no
2020 current Nigel Evans Conservative Ribble Valley no

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sir Lindsay Hoyle elected as Commons Speaker (en-GB) . November 4, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019. 
  2. ^ Chairman of Ways and Means - Glossary page ( English ) In: UK Parliament . Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ The Chairman of Ways and Means / Deputy Speakers. Retrieved November 7, 2019 .
  4. ^ The Chairman of Ways and Means / Deputy Speakers. Retrieved November 7, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Commons Deputy Speakers ( English ) In: UK Parliament . Retrieved November 6, 2019.