Metallophyte

Metallophytes - even Chalkophyten (probably literally) or Erzpflanzen and depending on the perspective and heavy metal plants or metal (On) indicator plants are plants that are capable of large amounts of certain - called heavy metals store or accumulate ([to] accumulate , so also called accumulator plants or - in special cases - even hyperaccumulator plants ). As heavy metal pointers, they are of particular importance because they mark locations with high levels of heavy metal pollution (e.g. mining heaps). Metallophytes often tolerate concentrations of heavy metals such as lead , cadmium or zinc that have long been toxic to other living things. Metallophytes, especially those with a high tolerance to zinc, are also called calamine plants .

Examples

Examples of metallophytes are:

• the yellow and blue calamine and other calamine plants
• the mountain Hellerkraut - can enrich nickel
• the Gösing Täschelkresse and the Hallersche cress - can accumulate lead , cadmium , nickel and zinc
• the nickel tree or trees on Borneo and the tree species Pycnandra acuminata in New Caledonia - probably at least two different nickel-enriching tree species
• the reed canary grass - can germanium accumulate
• the pigeon goiter - can accumulate heavy metals not specified in detail
• the tea bush - can enrich aluminum

Web links

• On the geology of the Montafon by Christian Wolkersdorfer with chapter on metallophytes, p. 52 ff. (PDF file; 1.42 MB) - published in the Austrian state Montafon (in Schruns ), 2005; ISBN 3-902225-15-7 .

Individual documents and notes

1. ↑ Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps: from an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective - 6th edition, (originally by Heinz Ellenberg and) revised by Christoph Leuschner , published by Verlag Eugen Ulmer (in Stuttgart), 2010, ISBN 978-3-8252 -8104-5 ; on page 1051 and a. with "[...] these are called heavy metal plants or metallophytes (chalcophytes = ore plants)."
2. ↑ Heavy Metal Plants - Lexicon of Geosciences , Spectrum Academic Publishing House , Heidelberg, 2000
3. ^ ^{A b} Accumulator plant - Lexicon of Geosciences , Spectrum Academic Publishing House , Heidelberg, 2001
4. ↑ Harvesting metal through phytomining: These plants are real heavy metal fans - BR -Wissen , on 1.3.2018; there with: "Over forty years ago the British biologist Alan Baker discovered that the mountain Hellerkraut contains large amounts of nickel - ...."
5. ↑ Phytomining: The Treasure in Weeds - SZ , on September 6, 2017; there u. a. with: “The species Pycnandra acuminata from New Caledonia, for example, contains a cell sap with a nickel content of 25 percent and a strong turquoise color. The nickel trees on the island of Borneo are almost as rich in metal. "
6. ↑ Green poison swallowers: Pycnandra acuminata absorbs heavy metal - article in Nano , on June 22, 2017, u. a. with “The bush […] from New Caledonia can pull nickel out of the ground. Scientist Antony van der Ent researches plants with such bizarre abilities. ”And (from around the 33rd second) with“ Here we have a really large specimen, a species called ' Pycnandra acuminata '. This tree is famous for its blue-green sap, which contains 25 percent nickel. "
7. ↑ Phytomining: When the Metals for Technology Come from the Field - Golem , September 8, 2017; u. a. with "More germanium in cane grass"
8. ↑ Probably only certain ecotypes of the pigeon goiter (like Silene vulgaris ) and also so-called heavy metal turf