Chess (chess program)

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Chess ( German  "Schach" ) was an early chess program that dominated the computer chess scene in the 1970s . In the period from 1970 to 1979 it won the North American Computer Chess Championship eight times . It also became world champion computer chess in 1977 .

history

The software Chess was developed from 1968 by students at the American Northwestern University (UW) (near Chicago ), initially by Larry Atkin and Keith Gorlen. Her fellow student David Slate joined in mid-1969 . The program ran on supercomputers by Control Data . An early version was Chess 3.0 , which entered the first major computer chess championship in history in September 1970. It was the 1st ACM United States Computer Chess Championship , which a few years later became the North American Computer Chess Championship . It was organized by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , in the person of Monty Newborn , then professor of electrical engineering at Columbia University in New York City . All types of computers and chess programs were allowed to participate in the tournament . Chess 3.0 won the tournament and became the USA's first computer chess master .

Chess 4.7 - David Levy
Toronto 1978, 4th match game
  a b c d e f G H  
8th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess kdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 8th
7th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess rlt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 7th
6th Chess --t45.svg Chess pdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess --t45.svg 6th
5 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess bdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess plt45.svg Chess klt45.svg 5
4th Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess rdt45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess blt45.svg 4th
3 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 3
2 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 2
1 Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg Chess --t45.svg 1
  a b c d e f G H  

Position after 55. Rd7 – c7: Levy, as Black, gave up.

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In the following years Chess was continuously improved and won with different version numbers (most recently 4.9 in 1979), and with only two exceptions (1974 Ribbit and 1978 Belle ), all other North American computer chess championships of the 1970s.

Running on the CDC Cyber ​​176 supercomputer from the American manufacturer Control Data Corporation (CDC) at the time, version 4.7 achieved a level of skill ( Elo rating ) of 2030 and in 1978 - which was perceived as a sensation at the time - beat an international chess master ( IM David Levy ) in a regular tournament game (see also: Chess 4.7 against David Levy ).

literature

Dieter Steinwender and Frederic Friedel : Chess on the PC - Bits and Bytes in the Royal Game , Pearson Education 1998, pp. 76–79, ISBN 978-3-87791-522-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dieter Steinwender and Frederic Friedel: Schach am PC - Bits and Bytes im Königlichen Spiel , Pearson Education 1998, p. 76, ISBN 978-3-87791-522-6
  2. ↑ It's Man Over Machine as Chess Champion Beats Computer He Calls Tough Opponent Article in The New York Times February 18, 1996, accessed November 29, 2017
  3. ↑ J. R. Douglas: Chess 4.7 versus David Levy - The Computer Beats a Chess Master . In: BYTE , December 1978, p. 84. Retrieved December 2, 2018.