Canon monastery at the Templum Domini in Jerusalem

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Plan of Jerusalem before 1187. Stylized church Templum Domini ( tēplum dm ) in the middle of the upper half of the city.

The Canons' Monastery at the Templum Domini in Jerusalem was probably a community (chapter) established in 1099 of initially secular clerics, at the latest from 1130/36 according to the Augustinian rule, canons living at the Templum Domini (today the Dome of the Rock) on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem at the time of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem ( 1099 to 1187). After the conquest of Jerusalem by the Crusaders in 1099, the Muslim Dome of the Rock was converted into a church dedicated to St. Mary. Along with the Holy Sepulcher Church, it was the most important Christian shrine in Jerusalem during the time of the Crusaders. The Canon Monastery at the Templum Domini in Jerusalem was one of four Latin monasteries (the other three were: Canon Monastery on the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem , Canon Monastery on Mount Sion near Jerusalem and the Canon Monastery on Mount Sion near Jerusalem ) that the Crusaders used after the conquest Jerusalem in 1099 in and around Jerusalem. The canon monastery at the Templum Domini was initially headed by a prior, from 1137 an abbot. After Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem in 1187, the canons and abbot had to leave the city; they settled in Acre . The Templum Domini (Dome of the Rock) became a Muslim place of worship again. After the Muslim conquest of Acre (1291), the abbot (and the canons?) Fled to Bari in southern Italy. The Canons' Monastery at the Templum Domini in Jerusalem must not be confused with the Templar Order .

location

The monastery buildings, which presumably came into being after the conversion of the original, unregulated monastery into a regulated monastery (1130/36), were located north of the Dome of the Rock. South of the Dome of the Rock was (or still is today) the Al-Aksa Mosque , which was reinterpreted by the Crusaders as Templum Salomonis . No remains of the monastery buildings of the Canons at Templum Domini have survived above ground.

history

In the course of the conquest of Jerusalem in July 1099 by the crusader army, Tankred , a Norman from southern Italy, was the first to occupy the Temple Mount with the Dome of the Rock and stole its treasures. T. reissue. The Muslim Dome of the Rock was converted into a church dedicated to St. Mary and was identified with the Temple of the Lord (Templum Domini). The neighboring Al Aqsa mosque was equated with the Templum Salomonis or Palatium Salomonis, the palace of Solomon. The Templum Salomonis was the residence of King Baldwin II until 1119. After the completion of the citadel, he moved there. The Templum Salomonis (or parts of the building) were given to the Knights Templar .

Baldwin hands over the Temple of Solomon to Hugo von Payns and Gottfried von Saint-Omer. The fourth person is Warmund, the Patriarch of Jerusalem

As early as August 1099, the first regent of the newly founded Kingdom of Jerusalem, Godfried of Bouillon, appointed canons (canons) at the Templum Domini (Temple of the Lord) and assigned them to prebends . The canons were initially secular canons who had been assigned apartments or houses in the city of Jerusalem; so they did not have a vita communis . These secular clerics took care of the services, met for the hours of worship in community, and administered the property of the collegiate church.

At that time, the Templum Domini (Temple of the Lord) was considered the most important shrine of Jerusalem, along with the Church of the Holy Sepulcher . The seal of the kings of Jerusalem showed the tower of David flanked by the Holy Sepulcher and the Templum Domini in the middle.

By 1120, a (separate) choir for the canons had been set up in the Templum Domini. Achard d'Arrouaise (Achardus), prior of the Canon Monastery at the Templum Domini, also took part in the first imperial assembly in Nablus in 1120 . Between 1130 and 1136 the canons were regulated according to the Augustinian rule and from this time on they had to live in a monastic community. For this purpose, new monastery buildings were erected north of the Dome of the Rock. The papal envoy, Bishop Albericus of Ostia , rededicated the temple of the Lord in Jerusalem on the third day after Easter 1141 (April 9, 1141) after renovations inside.

The Canons' Monastery at the Templum Domini was involved in the religious and secular celebrations of the city of Jerusalem during the time of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. At the coronation of a king (from Baldwin II ), he first moved to the Holy Sepulcher Church and was received there by the patriarch at the gates. This led the monarch to the coronation in the choir, where the coronation took place in front of the altar. After the coronation, the procession continued to the Templum Domini, where the king placed his crown on the altar. The end of the coronation was celebrated in the Palatium Salomonis or Templum Salomonis with a banquet.

The Canons' Monastery at the Domini Templum was initially headed by a praelatus after it was founded ; a little later, the usual title of Prior is passed down for a monastery . In 1137 the prior Geoffroy / Gaufredus was promoted to abbot. The reasons for this increase in rank are not known. The abbot of the Templum Domini was allowed to wear a miter, ring and pectoral cross and was a direct suffragan of the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem . He had a bishop-like position. The title prior was now passed on to his deputy, who was elected abbot a few times after the death of his predecessor.

The exact size of the original donation from Gottfried von Bouillon to the Canon Monastery at Templum Domini is not known. However, it included large areas of the Temple Mount and certainly houses in the city. How much was granted to the individual canons, unlike the canons at the Holy Sepulcher, is not known. The Canons' Monastery at Templum Domini received a very large foundation in 1161/62 from the then Queen Melisende . Mayer sees these donations as the result of a close collaboration between Abbot Gaufried and Melisende during the time of tension with her son Baldwin II. Abbot Gaufred composed a poem that has survived .

After Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem in 1187, Terricus pauperrimae domus templi preceptor informed King Henry II of the loss of Jerusalem. He reported that Syrian Christians had now taken over the service at the Holy Sepulcher Church and that ten Hospitallers were allowed to care for the sick in their hospital. This detailed knowledge suggests that the chapter initially remained in Jerusalem. After the reconquest of Acre (1191), the chapter settled at the local St. Leonhard Church. It is not known where the chapter was in the four years between the conquest of Jerusalem and the reconquest of Acre.

In 1229 (until 1244) Frederick II was able to regain Jerusalem and a small area around Jerusalem by treaty. However, the Temple Mount remained Muslim. The Dome of the Rock was not turned back into a church, and the Chapter did not return to Jerusalem.

After the conquest of Acre (1291), the abbot (and the canons?) Fled to their priory and monastery of San Clemente near Bari. Unfortunately, nothing could be learned about this monastery (or just church?).

In England, two branches of the canon monastery at Templum Domini remained until 1537. Egerton Beck also referred to the canon monastery at Templum Domini as the Order of the Temple ; not to be confused with the Knights Templar, which was dissolved in 1312.

Priors and Abbots

  • 1100 Arnulf, praelatus Templi Domini
  • 1112 to 1136 Achard d'Arrouaise / Aicardus / Achardus, Prior
  • 1137 to 1161 Geoffroy / Gaufredus, still prior in autumn 1137, became abbot at the end of 1137, 1141 Gaufridus, abbas, 1160/61, 1159 Hugo prior, was probably the next abbot
  • 1161/62 to 1167/68 Hugo I., Abt
  • 1168/69 to 1175/76 Raimundus, Dept.
  • 1175/76 to 1180 Rogerius, Dept.
  • 1189/91 NN, died before Acre
  • 1195 Petrus, abbot, 1190/91 Petribricius, prior
  • 1220, 1221 Maurus I, abbot ( Dominici Templi )
  • 1233 to 1236 Hugo II, abbot, Nicolaus, prior
  • 1244 years, abbas Templi Domini,
  • 1246 Maurus II.
  • 1255 NN Dept
  • 1265 Simon
  • 1286 Martinus around / before 1290 Martinus, abbot,
  • 1346 Petrus de Cortuciis

Canons named by name

Canons who are known and named by name are: Arnaldus Dominici Templi canonicus (1112 to 1127), Assenardus (1152), Franco (1186), Gillebertus (1186), Rainaldus (1186), Willelmus cellerarius (1186), Fridericus (1161 to 1173), Guillelmus de la Branda (11851), Johannes de Alvernia (1223), Marinus (1159), Nicolaus, Prior (1233), Petrus (1140), Richardus (1133), Rogerius (1151). Amicus capellanus (1142 to 1145), Gaucilinus clericus (1133). Conversi laici: Johannes et Bartholomaeus (1233).

Possessions

The (total) ownership of the chapter at the Templum Domni is difficult to reconstruct, since confusion with the much more numerous properties of the Templar Order occurs again and again. In addition, there is no complete directory, such as for the Canons of the Holy Sepulcher. The chapter received a large donation from Queen Melisinde in 1161/62. The possessions in the crusader states of the Middle East are known from a diploma from Amalrich I from 1166.

Surroundings of Jerusalem

  • Vineyards near Jerusalem
  • a domus Beati Johannis in montanis is Ain Kârem, west of Jerusalem
  • two gastinas Heteyre (Et-Tiré) and Beitdecoc (Beit Douqqou) with accessories, a gift from Queen Melisende
  • half of Casale Safra (? Kefira) with half of the villagers and half of the accessories, a gift from Galteri Malduit

Neighborhood of Hebron (in the area of ​​Saint Abraham)

  • two gastinas (without naming), a gift from Philip of Nablus

Around Blanche Garde

  • the Casale Danube (Edh Dh'nebbé) with accessories

Near Ascalon

  • ten carrucatas of land that Robertus de Tresponz had given
  • Houses in Ascalon with a mill
  • mosque
  • Gardens with land for viticulture

At Ibelin

  • two carrucatas of land in exchange for land given to Roger, Bishop of Ramla
  • Houses with a plantation
  • four carrucates of land that Balian had donated from Ibelin

In the vicinity of Nablus

In Nablus the canon monastery has an almost episcopal position.

  • Houses, properties and gardens, partly built on, partly undeveloped
  • 300 Byzantines, who receive tithes from the Patriarchs Warmund, Stephan and Wilhelm in Nablus and have ceded them to the monastery
  • 10 Byzantine interest that Guido von Miliaco had as a fief
  • the tithe from the land belonging to Guido de Miliaco
  • the seven Casalia Luban, Ruezun, Deira, Orif, Gerraa and Derach with the tithe
  • the tithe of the possessions of Ulrich, Vice Count of Nablus, from the Casalia Ciriz
  • the entire tithe of Vice-Count Baldwin's land that he owns over the river, with the exception of the Casalia Daramahet and Sier.
  • all tithes in the valley and the mountains from the vineyards that the Franks cultivate, a gift from Melisende

In the area of ​​Caesarea

  • the Casale Alemanni and the Casale Beledam, which once belonged to the brothers Arnald and Alexander Coste
  • a house that belonged to the canon Theobald
  • another house near the gate
  • at Genuinum 4 carrucates land and houses owned by Adam Burdula of the Templum Domini

At Acre

  • the church of S. Andreas and nearby land
  • 60 Byzantines in exchange for the Casale Sesset that King Amalrich had given to the Canons

In the region of Tire

  • Houses facing the Beati Juliani church with a little land
  • two parts of a casale called Hanoe
  • gastina Zederia with all accessories

In Arabia (east of the Jordan)

  • 1000 Byzantines to tithe, a gift from Baldwin I in 1112
  • three Casalia Coreb, Antiochet or Moab and Beteligene with all accessories
  • in Montreal houses, vineyards and yards
  • in crat, houses and gardens, some vineyards as a gift from Philip of Nablus

Italy

  • In 1169 the church of Santa Maria Maddalena sita infra moenia Baroli (Barletta) is owned by the Canons at the Templum Domini. In 1180, a document from Archbishop Bertrandus of Trani Guillelmus mentions the prior ecclesiae S. Mariae Magdalenas et dominici Templi canonicus .
  • S. Clemente in Bari (is mostly ascribed to the Knights Templar in the relevant, older literature, see also clarification by Houben and Angilletta)

England

  • Ferriby Priory ( Yorkshire ), was not a branch of the Templar Order, as is often found in literature, but of the Canons' Monastery at the Templum Domini in Jerusalem. The priory was founded in 1191 by John Heself / Johannes de Heself during the siege of Acre (1189/91) and received further donations from nobles in the period that followed. The priory was dissolved in 1536.
  • Woodbridge Priory, Suffolk. The gift of Ernaldus was accepted by Abbot Geoffrey. He confirmed that the donor and his heirs have the right to choose the prior. The priory was dissolved in 1537.

Cyprus

On September 29, 1195, Aimery, Lord of Cyprus, with the consent of his wife Eschive, gave Abbot Peter of the Canons' Monastery at the Templum Domini and his canons a court in Nicosia with a chapel dedicated to St. Mary, the Mother of God. He also gave them a prestia (wine press) built by his late brother King Guido. He also left ten carrucatis land near the village of Vuillelmi de Balma to the canons .

In 1233 Hugo, Abbot of the Templum Domini, sold this prestia to Eustorgius, Archbishop of Nicosia.

Greece

On January 22, 1209, Pope Innocent III took over. the abbey and canons of the Templum Domini under papal protection and confirmed their possessions, especially churches and prebends in Greece.

literature

  • Fulvio Bramato: Il Templum Domini e la Militia Templi nella diocesi di Trani. Elementi e prospettive per una ricerza. In: Barletta crocevia degli Ordini: Seminario di Studio, Barletta 16 giugno 1996, pp. 51–69, Tarent 1997 (Melitensia Volume 2)
  • Geneviève Bresc-Bautier: Le cartulaire du chapitre du Saint-Sépulcre de Jérusalem. 431 S., Geuthner, Paris, 1984 (series Documents relatifs à l'histoire des croisades, No. 15) (hereinafter abbreviated to Bresc-Bautier, Cartulaire with corresponding page number and document number)
  • Arye Grabois: La fondation de l'abbaye du Templum Domini et la legende du Temple de Jérusalem au XIIe siècle. In: Autour de la Première Croisade. Actes du Colloque de la Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin Est, Clermont-Ferrand, 22-25 June 1995, pp 23-238, 1996.
  • Rudolf Hiestand: Gaufridus abbas Templi Domini: an underestimated figure in the early history of the kingdom of Jerusalem. In: Marcus Bull (Ed.): The Experience of Crusading, Volume 2, pp. 48–59, 2003 ISBN 0-521-78151-5 (hereinafter abbreviated to Hiestand, Gaufridus abbas with the corresponding page number)
  • Louis de Mas Latrie: Histoire de l'île de Chypre sous le règne des princes de la maison de Lusignan. Part 1 - Documents II .. Imprimerie Impériale, Paris 1855 (hereinafter abbreviated Mas Latrie, Histoire with corresponding page number)
  • Hans Eberhard Mayer: To the early history of the Templum Domini in Jerusalem. In: Hans Eberhard Mayer: Dioceses, monasteries and monasteries in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 222–229, Anton Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1977 (writings of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, volume 26) (hereinafter abbreviated to Mayer, early history with corresponding page number)
  • Hans Eberhard Mayer: To the location of the Church of St. Andreas in Akkon. Journal of the German Palestine Association, 126 (2): 140–152, 2010 JSTOR
  • Reinhold Röhricht. Syria sacra. Journal of the German Palestine Association, 10: 1-48, 1887 JSTOR (PDF) (in the following abbreviated Röhricht, Syria sacra with corresponding page number)
  • Reinhold Röhricht: Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (1097–1291). Wagner, Innsbruck, 1893 (in the following abbreviated Röhricht, RRH with corresponding page number and certificate number)
  • Reinhold Röhricht: History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1100–1291). Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Innsbruck, 1898, p. 146, footnote
  • Reinhold Röhricht: Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (1097–1291). Additamentum. Wagner, Innsbruck, 1904 (in the following abbreviated Röhricht, RRH, Add. With the corresponding page number and certificate number)
  • Eugène de Rozière: Cartulaire de l'Église du Saint Sépulcre de Jerusalem. Texts et Appendice, Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1849 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Rozière, Cartulaire with corresponding page number and document number)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Kaspar Elm: Mater Ecclesiarum in Exilio. El Capítulo del Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalem desde la caída de Acre. In: Kaspar Elm (Ed.): Umbilicus Mundi: Contributions to the history of Jerusalem, the Crusades, the chapter of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem and the order of knights. Algemeen Rijksarchief, Sint-Kruis (Bruges), 1998, pp. 253-275.
  2. ↑ a b Nurith Keenan-Kedar: Symbolic Meaning in Crusader Architecture. Cahiers archéologiques, 34: 109-117, 1986 PDF
  3. ^ Benjamin Z. Kedar, R. Denys Pringle: 1099-1187: The Lord's Temple (Templum Domini) and Solomon's Palace (Palatium Salomonis). In: Oleg Grabar, Benjamin Z. Kedar (Ed.): Where Heaven and Earth Meet: Jerusalem's Sacred Esplanade. Pp. 132–149, Jerusalem / Austin, 2009 PDF
  4. ↑ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database: Aug. 1–8 or 14–31. Jerusalem. Godfrey of Bouillon establishes canons with prebends in the Templum Domini in Jerusalem.
  5. ^ Sylvia Schein: Between Mount Moriah and the Holy Sepulcher: the changing traditions of the Temple mount in the central Middle Ages. Traditio, 40: 175-195, 1984 JSTOR
  6. ↑ Mayer, Dioceses, Monasteries and Pens, p. 113.
  7. ↑ Eyal Poleg: On the Books of Maccabees: Un Unpublished Poem by Geoffrey, Prior of the Templum Domini. Crusades, 9: 13-56,
  8. ^ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database: Terricus magnus preceptor domus Templi Jerusalem writes to King Henry II of England. He reports the loss of Jerusalem. ...
  9. ^ Egerton Beck: The Order of the Temple at North Ferriby. The English Historical Review, 26: 498-501, 1911 British History Online
  10. ^ Röhricht, Regesta, Add., P. 4, document number 68a.
  11. ↑ Rozières, Cartulaire, p. 53 Document No. 28 Online at Google Books .
  12. ↑ Rozières, Cartulaire, p. 50 Document No. 26 Online at Google Books .
  13. ↑ Rozières, Cartulaire, pp. 136/37, document no. 66 Online at Google Books .
  14. ^ Röhricht, Regesta, Add., Pp. 25/26, document number 422a.
  15. ^ Röhricht, Regesta, pp. 123/24 Document No. 469.
  16. ↑ Rozières, Cartulaire, p. 305, document no. 167 Online at Google Books .
  17. ^ Röhricht, Regesta, p. 143, document number 536.
  18. ^ Röhricht, Regesta, p. 159 Document No. 597.
  19. ↑ Rozières, Cartulaire, p. 309, document no. 170 Online at Google Books .
  20. ↑ a b c d e f Röhricht, Syria sacra, p. 41.
  21. ^ Röhricht, Regesta, p. 193 Document No. 723.
  22. ^ Farrer and Clay, Early Yorkshire Charters 12: 57-8, no.28
  23. ↑ Rozières, Cartulaire, p. 2 Document No. 2.3 Online at Google Books .
  24. ↑ Bresc-Bautier, Cartulaire, p 341, Urk.Nr.183.
  25. ^ Röhricht, Regesta, pp. 299/300, document number 1127.
  26. ^ Röhricht, Regesta, p. 323, document number 1226.
  27. ↑ Hans Eberhard Mayer, Jean Richard: The documents of the Latin kings of Jerusalem, Volume 3. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 2010 - 1812 p
  28. ^ Daniel Williman: The Right of Spoil of the Popes of Avignon, 1316-1415. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 78 (6): 269 pp., Philadelphia, 1988 p. 248 Preview at Google Books
  29. ^ Röhricht, Syria sacra, p. 38.
  30. ↑ Dec. 25 1185 - Dec. 24 1186. Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem confirms under seal an agreement reached by the Templum Domini and St Mary of the Valley of Jehosaphat ...
  31. ↑ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database: Early Summer 1161 - Sept. 11 1162. Queen Melisende gives the Templum Domini tithes in the territory of Nablus: ...
  32. ↑ Ferdinand Chalandon: Un diplôme inédit d'Amaury I roi de Jérusalem en faveur de l'abbay du Temple-Notre-Seigneur (Acre, 6-11 avril 1166). Revue de l'Orient Latin, 8: 311-317, 1901 Online at archive.org
  33. ↑ a b c d e Charles Clermont-Ganneau: Les possessions de l'abbaye du Templum Domini en Terre Sainte. Recueil d'archéologie orientale, 5: 70–78, Paris 1903. Online at www.archive.org
  34. ↑ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database: Apr. 6-12 1166. Acre. Amalric, per dei gratiam in sancta civitate Ierusalem Latinorum rex quintus, confirms under seal for Hugo abbas and the Templum Domini their endowments. He confirms their possesion of the atrium adjacent to the Templum Domini [the Haram and everything - baths, houses, cultivated ... ]
  35. ↑ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database: Jan. 1 1149 - Dec. 24 1159. Queen Melisende gives the canons of the Templum Domini in Jerusalem the gastinae of Heteyre and Beitdecoc.
  36. ↑ Mayer, Dioceses, Monasteries and Pens, p. 200.
  37. ↑ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database: Feb. 18 1163 - Apr. 6–12 1166. King Amalric gives the Templum Domini the casale of Sesset in exchange for a rent of 60 besants a year. .
  38. ↑ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database: Winter 1109/1110 - Apr. 6 1112. With King Baldwin I's assent, Patriarchs Gibelin and Arnulf of Jerusalem have given the Templum Domini in Jerusalem a rent of 1,000 besants to be taken annually from the tithes and produce of lands in southern Transjordan (Arabia).
  39. ^ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database: In the chapter of the Templum Domini. R. sancti temple domini quod est in iehrusalem abbas, together with his chapter, confirms an agreement made in the chapter of Trani and Barletta relating to the church of St Mary Magdalene in Barletta, now held by frater Guillelmus canonicus Templum Domini, 1169
  40. ^ Hiestand, Gaufridus abbas, p. 52 Preview on Google Books
  41. ^ Hubert Houben: Templari e Teutonici nel Mezzogiorno normanno-svevo. In: Giosuè Musca (ed.): Il mezzogiorno normanno-svevo e le crociate: atti delle quattordicesime giornate normanno-sveve Bari, 17–20 ottobre 2000, pp. 251–288, edizioni Dedalo, Bari 2002 (incomplete) preview on Google Books , p. 259.
  42. ↑ Domenico Angilletta: Castelli, chiese, Abbazie nel giustizierato di Calabria. 601 pp., Città Calabria, 2006 ISBN 978-88-88948-40-9 , here p. 199
  43. ^ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database: In the army besieging Acre. Johannes de Hesell 'makes an eleemosynary grant of land in Yorkshire to the Templum Domini and the canons who serve it, represented by Petribricius prior templi dominici. Witnesses: Rogerius persona de Houden; and others.
  44. ^ Judith A. Frost: The Cartulary of the Priory of North Ferriby: a guide to the contents. Monastic Research Bulletin, 8: 1-19, 2002 PFG
  45. ↑ Julian Yolles: The Maccabees in the Lord's Temple: Biblical Imagery and Latin Poetry in Frankish Jerusalem. In: Elizabeth Lapina, Nicholas Morton (Eds.): The Uses of the Bible in Crusader Sources. Pp. 421–439, Brill, Leiden & Boston, 2017 ISBN 978-90-04-28492-0 Preview on Google Books
  46. ↑ Mas Latrie, Histoire, p. 598. Online at Google Books
  47. ↑ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database: Sept. 29 1195. With the agreement of his wife Eschiva, Aimery, Dei gratia dominus Cipri, makes a sealed grant to Petrus abbas Dominici Templi and his canons of a curtis in Nicosia, within which is built the chapel [capella of St Mary, and a prestia built by his late brother King Guy near the river in .. ]
  48. ↑ Mas Latrie, Histoire, p. 636. Online at Google Books
  49. ^ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani Database: Jan. 22, 1209. Lateran. Pope Innocent III takes the abbey and canons of the Templum Domini under papal protection and confirms their possessions, specifically churches and a prebend in Greece.

Coordinates: 31 ° 46 ′ 40.9 "  N , 35 ° 14 ′ 7.2"  E