Canon monastery on Mount Sion near Jerusalem

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Plan of Jerusalem before 1187. Mons Syon (in the lower right corner)

The canon monastery on Mount Sion near Jerusalem was a community of initially secular clerics, from around 1130 canons living according to the Augustinian Rule at the Church of S. Maria on Mount Sion near Jerusalem during the time of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099 to 1187). The canon monastery on Mount Sion near Jerusalem was one of four Latin pens (the three other pens: Canon monastery on the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem , Canon monastery on the Templum Domini in Jerusalem and Canon monastery on the Mount of Olives near Jerusalem ) which the Crusaders used after the conquest of Jerusalem in 1099 in and around Jerusalem. The monastery of Canons on Mount Sion was initially headed by a prior, from 1169 an abbot. After Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem in 1187 , the chapter fled to Acre . After the conquest of Acre (1291) the abbot (and the convent?) Moved to the monastery of Santo Spirito northeast of Caltanissetta in Sicily . Despite the extensive possessions of the monastery in Western Europe, the abbot and the chapter did not succeed in forming an order from these settlements (see, on the other hand, the Canons of the Holy Sepulcher ).

location

The pen was on Mount Sion south of the old city of Jerusalem. Nothing has survived above ground from the convent buildings. The monastery or the church of S. Maria on Mount Sion is listed as a castellum in a report on the towns and fortresses conquered by Saladin in 1187 . One can conclude from this that the monastery and church were probably surrounded by a strong wall.

In 1335, the Franciscans set up a settlement on Mount Sion. Today the Dormition Abbey , David's grave, a Catholic cemetery (with the grave of Oskar Schindler ), the Essen Gate and other historical sites are located on Mount Sion .

history

Shortly after the conquest of Jerusalem (July 1099), Godfrey von Bouillon founded a canon monastery at the church of S. Maria on Mount Sion. He gave the pen the mountain Sion with some accessories.

The Canons of Mount Sion were probably initially secular clergy, as was the case with the other three founders founded by the Crusaders in and around Jerusalem. A prior was in charge of the pen. Arnaldus, the prior of Mount Sion, also took part in the first imperial assembly, which took place in Nablus in 1120. According to Mayer, the canon monastery was regulated between 1130 and 1136 and adopted the Augustinian rule. During this time, monastery buildings were certainly built so that the vita communis could also be implemented.

The last named as prior in 1160 the head of the monastery Gunterius held the title abbot from 1166. After the elevation from prior to abbot he had the status of a suffragan of the Patriarch of Jerusalem and had the right to wear miter, ring and pectoral cross. Neumann quotes (from a pilgrimage before 1187): in the Holy Sepulcher there are Augustinian canons presided over by a prior, in the templum domini there are Augustinian canons and an abbot, at the church on Mount Sion there are regulated canons under an abbot, in the church on the Mount of Olives are regulated canons presided over by an abbot. So this description must have been written after the prior was elevated to abbot.

The Canons' Monastery on Mount Sion was naturally an integral part of the religious celebrations of the city of Jerusalem during the time of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. On Palm Sunday the prior of the monastery on Mount Sion accompanied the Patriarch of Jerusalem, the prior of the Mount of Olives and the abbot of the monastery of S. Maria in the Josaphat valley on the palm procession from Jerusalem to Bethany.

After Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem in 1187, the canons had to leave their monastery on Mount Sion. A horse stable is said to have been set up in the monastery for some time. According to contemporary reports, which Titus Tobler describes, the destruction seems to have been insignificant. According to his remarks, Syrian Christians received the empty monastery in exchange for money. In 1192 Christian pilgrims saw the church intact. In 1212 the Syrian Christians are said to have lived in a rich and beautiful monastery on Mount Sion.

Through the treaty of Frederick II with the Egyptian Sultan al-Kamil , Jerusalem and smaller areas around Jerusalem came under Christian control again from 1229 to 1244. Mount Sion also belonged to the small area that was left to the Christians. The abbot and convent of the Canons on Mount Sion stayed in Acre.

After the conquest of Acre (1291) the abbot (and the convent?) Moved to the Santo Spirito monastery in Caltanissetta in Sicily , which was a priory of the monastery on Mount Sion. In 1336 the abbot, unfortunately not named, had the confirmation document for the possessions of the Church of S. Maria on Mount Sion near Jerusalem, which the then abbot John in 1179 received from Pope Alexander III. confirm again. It can only have been Abbot Dominic, who is proven to have been an abbot in Santo Spirito until 1339,

Santo Spirito Abbey near Caltanissetta

Possessions

On March 19, 1179, Pope Alexander III confirmed . the abbey possessions. The majority of the possessions were in the Holy Land, but the abbey also had not insignificant branches in Italy, Spain and France.

Possessions in and around Jerusalem

The Canons' holdings around Jerusalem were re-examined by Denys Pringle. He came z. T. to other identifications of the places mentioned than Emmanuel Rey in his Chartes de l'Abbaye du Mont-Sion .

  • a corner of the city of Jerusalem to the right and left of the gate that leads into the city from Mount Sion. Was given to the monastery by King Baldwin I. This included some baths, houses, gardens, and exchange offices inside and outside the walls of Jerusalem.
  • a piece of land outside of Alchedemac / Aceldama with vineyards, below and south of Mount Sion outside the city walls of Jerusalem
  • the land of Asquatinus (Anchetin) in Sorbael (Sur Bahir)
  • a vineyard, a gift from Anselmus de Parenti
  • the land of an earlier mosque, probably in the immediate vicinity on or on Mount Sion
  • the land around a spring and the spring itself, a gift from Guido de Milli, presumably it also belonged to the earlier possession of the aforementioned mosque
  • a village that once belonged to a Martin, with its accessories
  • a village that previously belonged to Hugonis de Gorron
  • Dersophat / Dayr Shu'fat and the surrounding land, a gift from the aforementioned Anselmus
  • Villages and guastinas ( wastelands ) bought by Almerico de Francolongo: Gebea (al-Jab'a), Ubeth (al-Habik), Dormibedi (Dayr?), Kariateri (Qaryat Sayda?), Genesim (Sanasin), Casert (al-Qusayr) and Tyberie (Tabalyia) each with their accessories.
  • the village of Caphason (Kafr Sum) with accessories
  • the villages of Aneth (Anata) and Amieth (Kh. Almit) each with accessories
  • the village of Farafronte (Ayn Fara) with accessories
  • In 1176 the abbey was given a vineyard at the church of S. Procopius, but it was exchanged for another vineyard at the foot of Mount Sion in order to create a pond there.
  • Even at the time of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the abbey paid interest to the Johanniter for a property on the Freudenberg.

In the area of ​​Askalon

Ascalon is the core of what is now Ashkelon in Israel.

  • the Casale Carcafas with its accessories and half of the tithe
  • the Casale Romembre and its accessories, including the entire tithe
  • In Ascalon there are houses and a mosque

In the Jaffa area

Jaffa is the core of today's Tel Aviv-Jaffa .

  • Land given to the Abbey by Count Guido of Jaffa ,
  • a garden and land donated by Lambert Goliath

In the Nablus area

  • in Nablus houses
  • the Casalia Burin, Caphastrum, Gul and Gérable each with their accessories and freedom from all tithe belonging to the Patriarch

In the Sebaste area

Sebaste was the name of Biblical Samaria at the time of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

  • the Casalia Fame and Age with their accessories and half of the tithe

In the area of ​​Caesarea

In the Caesarea Maritima area on the coast.

  • the Casalia Sidia, Caforana and Canetum with their accessories and half of the tithe
  • a free house in Caesarea Maritima

In Galilee

  • in Ligio / Legio in Galilee , two acres of land, a mill, two gardens, half the tithe, and a house in Ligio

In the Acre area

  • the Casale Myary / Myari
  • in the city of Akkon the churches of S. Leonhard and S. Romanus with their accessories (houses, land, vineyards, gardens and the respective tithe)

In the area of ​​Tire

  • the Casale Messaria with accessories
  • two acres of land at Casale Messaria
  • two acres of land near Casale Sardenas, a gift from King Baldwin II , and half of the tithes from this village (was still owned by the monastery of S. Maria in the Josaphat valley around 1130)
  • in the city of Tire the church of S. Leonhard with the houses and accessories

In the Byblos area

In the days of the Crusaders, Byblos was called Giblet.

In the area of ​​Antioch

  • a house in Antioch
  • in Amis a house
  • the Casale Miserach
  • a vineyard called Cafaria
  • the Casalia Bussadan, Felix and Cuccava with their accessories and half of the tithe
  • a church near Doninium Castle in Casale Bexa

In the area of ​​Tarsus

In the time of the crusaders, Tarsus belonged to the Armenian Cilicia .

  • a free ship on the Kydnos River (today Berdan Çayı )
  • the Casale Eroi with its accessories and half of the tithe

In Sicily

  • in the diocese of Agrigento the church of Santo Spirito near Caltanissetta with the village, a gift from Countess Adelasia († 1118) and Count Roger I of Sicily († 1101; the two are probably the donors of the monastery, not the Donor to the Canon Monastery). In the dedicatory inscription of the church from 1153 there is no mention of the canon monastery on Mount Sion. The transfer must have taken place later:
  • in the diocese of Catania the church of Santa Maria de Baratathe, with half of the village
  • the church of Santa Maria de Messina, with its land and other accessories
  • the church of Sant 'Anna de Fesina with the associated land and all parrochial rights
  • in the Girathelli area, the church of San Basilio and the land belonging to it
  • in the area of ​​Castro Joanni, the lands donated by Jean le Prieur.

In Calabria

In the district of Sinipoli the church of San Teodoro de Barellis with its lands, forests and other accessories, a gift from Robert Guiscard (probably the founder of the church, not the giver)

In Lombardy

  • in the Diocese of Albano, la Nouvelle with its accessories
  • in the diocese of Pavia, a house and a church with parrochial rights and accessories

In France

  • In 1152, the French King Louis VII gave the Abbey of Saint Samson in Orléans to the regulated canons of Mount Sion as a thank you for being hospitable to the Sion monastery in 1148. In 1158 Pope Hadrian IV confirmed the donation in 1157.
  • in the diocese of Bourges, Prunersec ( Prunesac , Villegenon , canton Vailly-sur-Sauldre , Arrondissement Bourges, Dépt. Cher) with its accessories,
  • the Prieuré Saint-Blaise et Saint-Jacques in the parish of Villegenon
  • Sainte-Marie de Framer with its accessories and all rights
  • Saint-Saviol Church, Archdeacon of Gençay, Diocese of Poitiers
  • Henry of Troyes and Count of Champagne gave the monastery an annual pension of 10 pounds in cash in 1179.

In Spain

  • in the Diocese of Valencia, the church of Santa Maria de Ferrim with parrochial rights and tithe
  • three parts of the Church of San Cristoforo in Pouzol de Ammiranos
  • in Castromonte , houses
  • in Castrel , houses and in both places all rights over the houses
  • in the diocese of Léon, at Anepeza Castle , the church of Santa Colomba with parrochial rights and tithe
  • the village of Veneccia with its accessories, rights and other income, a gift from King Alphons VIII of Castile (King from 1158–1214)

Priors and Abbots

  • 1112, 1116, 1117, 1120, 1129, 1135, 1136, 1137 Arnold / Arnoldus / Arnaldus, Prior of Mount Zion (1116)
  • 1155, 1156 Engerannus, Prior Montis Syon
  • 1158, 1160, 1166 Gunterius, 1158, 1160 Prior Montis Syon Gunterius held the title of Abbot in 1166
  • 1169, 1176 Renaldus, Abbot Montis Syon
  • ? 1178, 1179 Johannes / Jean, abbot,
  • 1185/86 Rainaldus
  • 1190 NN., Dept.
  • 1218, 1219, 1221, 1222 Ivo, Dept.
  • 1239 to 1244 Girardus, abbot, issued in Acre
  • 1244 R., Dept.
  • 1248 Hugo, Dept.
  • 1254 Theobaldus
  • 1254 T (h) erricus
  • 1268 Jacob
  • 1281 to 1291 Adam
  • 1301 Dominicus
  • 1324 Guillelmus, Dept.
  • 1339 Dominicus, Dept.

After that, no more abbots appear in the Annales Sancti prioratus Sansonis Avrelianianensis ... . The Saint-Samson priory in Orléans now chose its priors independently, without the consent of an abbot.

Canons

Canons of the Canons of the Canons on Mount Sion who were known by name at the time of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem were: Lambertus (1133), Radulfus (1138) and Stephanus (1180).

literature

  • Archives de l'Orient Latin, II. Ernest Leroux, Paris 1884 (hereinafter abbreviated Archives II, with corresponding page number)
  • Geneviève Bresc-Bautier: Le cartulaire du chapitre du Saint-Sépulcre de Jérusalem. 431 S., Geuthner, Paris, 1984 (series Documents relatifs à l'histoire des croisades, No. 15) (hereinafter abbreviated to Bresc-Bautier, Cartulaire with corresponding page number and document number)
  • Alexandre Bruel: Chartes d'Adam, Abbe de N.-D. du Mont-Sion concernant Gerard, eveque de Valanea et le prieure de Saint-Samson d'Orleans (1289). 15 p., R. Marchessou, 1900
  • Klaus-Peter Kirstein: The Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem: from the conquest of the Holy City by the Crusaders in 1099 to the end of the Crusader States in 1291. 683 S., Duncker & Humblot, 2002, p. 259.
  • François Le Maire: Histoire et antiquités de la ville et duché d'Orléans. 2. édition, Maria Paris, Orléans, 1648. (hereinafter abbreviated to Le Maire, Histoire et antiquité with corresponding page number)
  • Hans Eberhard Mayer: Dioceses, monasteries and monasteries in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Anton Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1977 (Writings of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Volume 26) (hereinafter abbreviated to Mayer, dioceses, monasteries and monasteries with the corresponding page number)
  • Wilhelm Anton Neumann: Three medieval pilgrimage writings. Austrian Quarterly for Catholic Theology, Volume 5, 211–282, Vienna, 1866
  • Denys Pringle: The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Vol. IV. The Cities of Acre and Tire with Addenda and Corrigenda to Volumes I – III. Cambridge University Press 2009 ISBN 978-0-521-85148-0 (hereinafter abbreviated to Pringle, Churches with corresponding page number)
  • Emmanuel-Guillaume Rey: Les colonies franques de Syrie aux XIIme et XIIIme siècles. Alphons Picard, Paris 1883 (hereinafter abbreviated as Rey, Colonies franques de Syrie with corresponding page number)
  • Emmanuel Rey: Chartes de l'Abbaye du Mont-Sion. Mémoires de la Société nationale des antiquitaires de France, 48: 31–56, Paris 1887 (hereinafter abbreviated as Rey, Chartes with corresponding page number)
  • Reinhold Röhricht: Studies on medieval geography and topography of Syria. Journal of the German Palestine Association, 10: 195–345, 1887 (hereinafter abbreviated as Röhricht, studies with corresponding page number)
  • Reinhold Röhricht. Syria sacra. Journal of the German Palestine Association, 10: 1–48, 1887 JSTOR (PDF) (hereinafter abbreviated Röhricht, Syria sacra with corresponding page number)
  • Reinhold Röhricht: Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (1097–1291). Wagner, Innsbruck, 1893 (in the following abbreviated Röhricht, RRH with corresponding page number and certificate number)
  • Reinhold Röhricht: History of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1100–1291). Verlag der Wagnerschen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Innsbruck, 1898, p. 146, footnote
  • Reinhold Röhricht: Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (1097–1291). Addendum. Wagner, Innsbruck, 1904 (in the following abbreviated Röhricht, RRH, Add. With the corresponding page number and certificate number)
  • Eugène de Rozière: Cartulaire de l'Église du Saint Sépulcre de Jerusalem. Texts et Appendice, Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 1849 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Rozière, Cartulaire with corresponding page number and document number)
  • Charles de Vassal: Recherches sur le Collége Royal d'Orléans. Revue orléanaise: recueil historique, archéologique et littéraire, 12: 1–16, Orléans, 1848 (hereinafter abbreviated to Vassal, Recherches with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ William Stubbs: The chronicle of the reigns of Henry II. And Richard IAD 1169-1192; known commonly under the name of Benedict of Peterborough. Vol. II. Longmans, Green, Reder, and Dyer, London 1867 Online at Google Books , p. 24.
  2. ↑ Mayer, Dioceses, Monasteries and Pens, p. 234.
  3. ↑ a b Röhricht, RRH, Add., Pp. 25/26, document number 422a.
  4. ↑ Mayer, Dioceses, Monasteries and Pens, p. 113.
  5. ^ Neumann, Pilgerschriften, p. 270 Online at Google Books , p. 270.
  6. ^ Archives, II, p. 261
  7. ↑ a b Titus Tobler: Two books Topography of Jerusalem and its surroundings, 2nd book: The surroundings. G. Reimer, Berlin, 1854, p. 113 online at Google Books
  8. ^ Kaspar Elm: Mater Ecclesiarum in Exilio. El Capítulo del Santo Sepulcro de Jerusalem desde la caída de Acre. In: Kaspar Elm (Ed.): Umbilicus Mundi: Contributions to the history of Jerusalem, the Crusades, the chapter of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem and the order of knights. Algemeen Rijksarchief, Sint-Kruis (Bruges), 1998, pp. 253-275.
  9. ↑ Andrew Jotischky: Perfection of Solitude: Hermits and Monks in the Crusader States. Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995 ISBN 0-271-01346-X , p. 54 Preview on Google Books
  10. ↑ a b Rey, Chartes, p. 37ff.
  11. ↑ Rey, Colonies Franques de Syrie, p 281
  12. ↑ a b Röhricht, RRH, p. 153, document number 576.
  13. ↑ Pringle. Churches, pp. 261–287: Abbey Church of St. Mary of Mount Sion, here pp. 261ff.
  14. ↑ Bresc-Bautier, p. 313, document number 161.
  15. ^ Röhricht, RRH, p. 143, document number 536.
  16. ^ Antonino di Vita: Appunti sulla Abbazia di Santo Spirito presso Caltanissetta. Siculorum gymnasium, rassegna della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università di Catania, NS, Volume 2, No.1, 106–115, Catania 1949. Online at rchive.org , p. 111.
  17. ↑ Rocco Pirro, Antonini Mongitore (emend.), Vito Maria Amico ( supplement ): Sicilia sacra disquisitionibus et notitiis illustrata: ubi libris quatuor postquam de illius Patriarcha, & Metropolita disquisitum est, a Christianae Religionis exordio ad nostra usque tempora cujusque Praesulatus, Majorumque Beneficiorum institutio, Archiepiscopi, Episcopi, Abbates, Priores, singulorum jura, privilegia, praeclara monumenta, Civitates Dioeceseon cum praecipuis earum templis, religiosisque familiis, atque Vìri Siculi vel familiis, velur doctrina illustres continentur. Palermo, 1733. Online at Google Books , p. 1336.
  18. ^ Vassal, Recherches, p. 10, online at Google Books
  19. ↑ Le Maire, Histoire et antiquités, p. 247 Online at Google Books
  20. ↑ Vassal, Recherches, pp. 14-16, online at Google Books
  21. ^ Vassal, Recherches, pp. 13/14, online at Google Books
  22. ↑ Pringle. Churches, pp. 261–287: Abbey Church of St. Mary of Mount Sion, here p. 263
  23. ^ Röhricht, RRH, Add., P. 4, document number 68a.
  24. ↑ Röhricht, RRH, p. 19, document number 83.
  25. ↑ Bresc-Bautier, pp. 92/93, document number 30.
  26. ↑ Rozières, Cartulaire, p. 50 Document No. 26 Online at Google Books .
  27. ^ Rozières, Cartulaire, p. 95, document number 51 Online at Google Books .
  28. ↑ Rozières, Cartulaire, pp. 136/37, document number 66 online at Google Books .
  29. ↑ Rozières, Cartulaire, pp. 120–123, Document No. 60 Online at Google Books .
  30. ↑ Rozières, Cartulaire, pp. 102-107, Urk.Nr.54 Online at Google Books .
  31. ↑ Rozières, Cartulaire, p. 305, document number 167 Online at Google Books .
  32. ↑ Rey, Chartes, p. 34.
  33. ↑ Revised Regesta Regni Hierosolymintani: Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem confirms under seal an agreement reached by the Templum Domini and St Mary of the Valley of Jehoshaphat over the tithes due to the Templum Domini for the casale of Saphet in the territory of Nablus and for half of a gastina called in ...
  34. ^ Röhricht, Syria Sacra, p. 35.
  35. ^ Röhricht, RRH, p. 244, document number 916.
  36. ^ Röhricht, RRH, p. 245, document number 920.
  37. ^ Röhricht, RRH, p. 251, document number 944.
  38. ^ Röhricht, RRH, p. 253, document number 955.
  39. ^ Röhricht, RRH, p. 283/84, document number 1087.
  40. ^ Röhricht, RRH, p. 299/300, document number 1127.
  41. ↑ a b c d e f g h Jacobus / Jacques Soyer: Annales prioratus Sancti Sansonis Avrelianianensis as Monasterium Beatae Mariae de Monte Sion in Hiervsalem Pertinentis. Bulletin de la Société archéologique et historique de l'Orléanais 17 (3/4): 222–229, Orléans, 1915 Online at Gallica
  42. ^ Röhricht, studies, p. 36.

Coordinates: 31 ° 46 ′ 16 ″  N , 35 ° 13 ′ 42 ″  E