Clarina (genus)
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| Tutt , 1903 |
Clarina is a genus of butterflies from the family of swarmers (Sphingidae) within the subfamily Macroglossinae . Depending on the opinion represented, it comprises two species or one species with two subspecies, which, however,are almost indistinguishablefrom the genus Ampelophaga . It is therefore very likely that the genus developed through isolation of a population of Ampelophaga rubiginosa , aspecies commonin India and the eastern Palearctic . It is also similar to the nearctic genus Darapsa .
features
The moths have a slightly serrated outer edge of the fore wing. The compound eyes have eyelash-shaped scales on the upper edge. The head shows a distinct mop of hair dorsally . On the legs, the long spur at the apex of the middle and posterior splints ( tibia ) is less than half as long as the first tarsal phalanx , which is shorter than the splint itself. There is no crest on the tarsi of the middle legs. The pulvilli are small and the paronychium has only one lobe on each side. In the wing veins , Rs and M1 of the hind wings are on a short stalk, M2 is in front of the cell , the lower angle of which is acute. D4 is only half as long as D3.
The genitals of the males are almost identical to those of Ampelophaga rubiginosa . However, the processes of the Aedeagus are somewhat thinner and not serrated. In addition, the blades are scoop-shaped. The saccule is spatulate and enlarged. It is partially serrated on the top. In females, the lamella postvaginalis tapers abruptly, as in the genus Daphnis . The ostium bursae is large, exposed and has slightly raised edges.
The oval eggs are flattened dorsoventrally. They are pale greenish-yellow in color. The caterpillars have the physique typical of hawkers, in which the anterior segments can be withdrawn into the third segment of the thorax and the first abdomen segment . The caterpillars have an upside-down V-shaped pattern on their back on the segments and have a pale longitudinal line on both sides of the back that does not include any eye spots . The caterpillars look very similar to those of the genera Ampelophaga and Darapsa . The doll has a conjoined with the body proboscis . It has brown, dotted lines on its wings, legs and antennae. The spiracles are outlined in dark. The kremaster is short and pointed, similar to that of the genus Daphnis .
Occurrence and way of life
The genus occurs in the south and east of Turkey, Iran, and the Levant region. The caterpillars feed on grapevines (Vitaceae).
Systematics
According to Kitching & Cadiou (2000), two species of the genus are known worldwide. Pittaway assumes, however, that the two taxa are subspecies of Clarina kotschyi .
- Clarina kotschyi (Kollar, 1849)
- Clarina syriaca (Lederer, 1855)
A synonym of the genus is Berutana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903.
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic. AR Pittaway, accessed June 23, 2013 .
- ↑ Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic. AR Pittaway, accessed June 23, 2013 .
- ^ Ian J. Kitching, Jean-Marie Cadiou: Hawkmoths of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Revisionary Checklist (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Cornell University Press, New York 2000, ISBN 0-8014-3734-2 .