Macroglossinae
Macroglossinae | ||||||||||||
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Little Wine Hawk ( Deilephila porcellus ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Macroglossinae | ||||||||||||
Harris , 1839 |
The Macroglossinae are a subfamily of the swarmers (Sphingidae). They occur worldwide with about 600 species , 25 are known from Europe , 13 of them occur in Central Europe.
features
The labial palps of the moths have fine sensory hairs on the inside of the first segment. The males of some species have asymmetrically shaped genitals. Their valves often have one or more rows of elongated scales . The animals all have well-trained proboscis . In some genera of the Choerocampini, the pilifer, a structure that is derived from the labrum , has developed into an ultrasound receptor.
The caterpillars have a spherical head capsule. Many species have noticeable eye spots on the thorax or especially on the abdomen. In many species the anal horn is reduced to an inconspicuous, flat process.
Way of life
There are a number of species within the subfamily that are uncommon for hobbyists. This includes all Hemaris , most Cephonodes and many Macroglossum species. The food plants include a wide range of plants, including the dog-poison family (Apocynaceae), arum family (Araceae), rose apple family (Dilleniaceae), evening primrose family (Onagraceae), red family (Rubiaceae) and grapevine family (Vitaceae).
At rest, large parts or the entire abdomen are uncovered and the inner edge of the forewings either lies close to the abdomen or leaves only a small gap free.
Systematics
In the following the 86 genera currently assigned to the subfamily are listed according to Kitching / Cadiou (2000) and all occurring in Europe, as well as selected other species. The species occurring in Europe are marked with an "E", those that also occur in Central Europe are each provided with the country code (A, CH, D).
Tribus Dilophonotini Burmeister, 1878
Subtribus Dilophonotina Burmeister, 1878
- Cautethia Grote, 1865
- Himantoides Butler, 1876
- Pachygonidia Fletcher, 1982
- Enyo Huebner, [1819]
- Aleuron Boisduval, 1870
- Unzela Walker, 1856
- Callionima Lucas, 1857
- Madoryx Boisduval, [1875]
- Stolidoptera Rothschild & Jordan , 1903
- Protaleuron Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Pachylia Walker, 1856
- Cloneus Skinner, 1923
- Pachylioides Hodges, 1971
- Oryba Walker, 1856
- Hemeroplanes Huebner, [1819]
- Nyceryx Boisduval, [1875]
- Baniwa Lichy, 1981
- Perigonia Herrich-Schäffer, [1854]
- Eupyrrhoglossum Grote, 1865
- Aellopos Huebner, [1819]
- Pseudosphinx Burmeister, 1856
- Isognathus C. & R. Felder, 1862
- Erinnyis Huebner, [1819]
- Phryxus Huebner, [1819]
Subtribe Hemarina Tutt, 1902
-
Hemaris Dalman, 1816
- Olive-green bumble bee ( Hemaris croatica ) (Esper, 1800) E.
- Bumblebee hawks ( Hemaris fuciformis ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
- Scabiosa swarmers ( Hemaris tityus ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
-
Cephonodes Huebner, [1819]
- Cephonodes hylas (Linnaeus, 1771)
Tribus Philampelini Burmeister, 1878
Tribus Macroglossini Harris, 1839
Subtribus Macroglossina Harris, 1839
- Sphecodina Blanchard, 1840
-
Proserpinus Huebner, [1819]
- Evening primrose hawks ( Proserpinus proserpina ) (Pallas, 1772) A, CH, D
- Amphion Huebner, [1819]
- Arctonotus Boisduval, 1852
- Euproserpinus Grote & Robinson, 1865
- Neogurelca Hogenes & Treadaway, 1993
-
Sphingonaepiopsis Wallengren, 1858
- Sphingonaepiopsis gorgoniades (Huebner, 1819) E.
- Microsphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
-
Odontosida Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Odontosida magnificum (Rothschild, 1894)
- Odontosida pusillus (R. Felder, [1874])
- Antinephele Holland, 1889
- Hypaedalea Butler, 1877
- Pseudenyo Holland, 1889
- Temnora Walker, 1856
- Temnoripais Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
-
Nephele Huebner, [1819]
- Nephele comma Hopffer, 1857
- Maassenia Saalmüller, 1884
- Angonyx Boisduval, 1874
-
Rethera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Rethera komarovi (Christoph, 1885) E.
- Cizara Walker, 1856
- Hayesiana Fletcher, 1982
- Eurypteryx fields
- Giganteopalpus Huwe, 1895
- Altijuba Lachlan, 1999
- Gnathothlibus Wallengren, 1858
- Philodila Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
-
Daphnis Huebner, [1819]
- Daphnis hypothous (Cramer, 1780)
- Oleander swarms ( Daphnis nerii ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
- Ampelophaga Bremer & Gray, 1853
- Clarina Tutt, 1903
- Darapsa Walker, 1856
- Eupanacra Cadiou & Holloway, 1989
- Enpinanga Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Elibia Walker, 1856
- Acosmerycoides Mell, 1922
- Deidamia Clemens, 1859
- Acosmeryx Boisduval, [1875]
- Micracosmeryx Mell, 1922
- Lepchina Oberthür, 1904
- Thibetia Joicey & Kaye, 1917
- Gehlenia Bryk, 1944
- Dahira Moore, 1888
- Atemnora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
-
Macroglossum Scopoli, 1777
- Pigeon tail ( Macroglossum stellatarum ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
- Leucostrophus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Subtribus Choerocampina Grote & Robinson, 1865
- Xylophanes Huebner, [1819]
- Phanoxyla Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
-
Hyles Huebner, [1819]
- Hyles cretica Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998 E.
- Hyles dahlii (Geyer, 1828)
- Spurge Hawk ( Hyles euphorbiae ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
- Bedstraw hawks ( Hyles gallii ) (Rottemburg, 1775) A, CH, D
- Sea buckthorn hawks ( Hyles hippophaes ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
- Hyles lineata (Fabricius, 1775)
- Line swarmers ( Hyles livornica ) (Esper, 1793) A, CH, D
- Hyles nicaea (de Prunner, 1798) E.
- Hyles sammuti Eitschberger, Danner & Surholt, 1998 E
- Hyles tithymali (Boisduval, 1834) E.
- Bat hawk ( Hyles vespertilio ) (Esper, 1793) A, CH, D
- Hyles zygophylli (Ochsenheimer, 1808) E.
- Rhodafra Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
-
Deilephila Laspeyres, 1809
- Middle wine hawk ( Deilephila elpenor ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
- Little wine hawk ( Deilephila porcellus ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
- Basiothia Walker, 1856
- Chaerocina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Euchloron Boisduval, [1875]
-
Hippotion Huebner, [1819]
- Big wine hawk ( Hippotion celerio ) (Linnaeus, 1758) A, CH, D
- Hippotion osiris (Dalman, 1823) E.
- Centroctena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Pergesa Walker, 1856
-
Theretra Huebner, [1819]
- Theretra alecto (Linnaeus, 1758) E.
- Theretra boisduvalii (Bugnion, 1839)
- Griseosphinx Cadiou & Kitching, 1990
- Rhagastis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- Cechenena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
supporting documents
Individual evidence
- ↑ Macroglossinae. Fauna Europaea, accessed March 22, 2008 .
- ↑ Sphingidae. Lepiforum eV, accessed on March 22, 2008 .
- ^ Ian J. Kitching, Jean-Marie Cadiou: Hawkmoths of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Revisionary Checklist (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). Cornell University Press, New York 2000, ISBN 0-8014-3734-2
literature
- NP Kristensen: Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, 1: Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie 4 (35) p. 345f, Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015704-7
- Malcolm J. Scoble: The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity. P. 327 Oxford University Press 1995, ISBN 978-0-19-854952-9