Hemaris

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Hemaris
Bumble bee (Hemaris fuciformis)

Bumble bee ( Hemaris fuciformis )

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Swarmers (Sphingidae)
Subfamily : Macroglossinae
Genre : Hemaris
Scientific name
Hemaris
Dalman , 1816
Hemaris thysbe while sucking nectar

Hemaris is a genus within the butterfly family of the swarmers (Sphingidae).

features

The adults are small and resemble bumblebees with their compact build . Their forewings are either fully scaled , or have transparent areas, whereby these are also scaled in some species directly after hatching, but fall off during the first flight. The ends of the wing veins R2 + R3 and R4 of the forewings are fused. The Rs and M1 veins on the hind wings arise either from a common point on the cell or from a short stalk. The cell itself is short, but twice as long as it is wide. The wires M3 and Cu1 are always separated from each other. The antennae are strongly thickened club-shaped in both sexes. They are thin at the base, just before the tip they end in a slender curved hook. The side hairy scales of the forehead cover the compound eyes . The abdomen ends in a clearly pronounced tuft of scales. The spaces between the segments are covered with well-developed, prickly scales, which are arranged flat in several rows. The scales in the first row are wider than long and rounded. The seventh sternite on the abdomen of the female is prickly on its entire tip. The hip ( coxa ) is triangularly widened at the back of the middle legs. The tip of the enlarged area is very pointed and directed away from the body. The hips of the hind legs are shaped similarly, but only bluntly broadened. The tibia of the forelimbs have spines at the tip.

The small, spherical eggs are pale green and shiny.

The caterpillars have the typical build of the family. They also have a bulging collar on the thorax . They are small and have a cylindrically shaped body that is clearly grainy. These granules usually have small bristles. Their coloring is very variable, the most common form being green and brown. All species have a pale longitudinal stripe that runs on the side of the body from the head to the anal horn . The belly of the animals is dark in color.

The dolls have a long and slender body. They are wrinkled and shiny in most species. The proboscis is keeled. There is a noticeable tubercle or hook next to the eyes. The kremaster is large, triangular, and flattened. It ends in a pair of thorns and has a few more thorns on the side. Pupation takes place in a loosely spun cocoon .

Way of life

The caterpillars feed mainly on herbaceous plants and bushes from the families of the cardaceae (Dipsacaceae) and honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae). Pupation takes place on the ground in a rather solid cocoon made of silk, into which plant parts and the like are incorporated. The doll is very active when it is disturbed.

Systematics

There are 23 known species that are predominantly found in the Holarctic ; only Hemaris venata occurs in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea . Three types, the olive-green bumblebee hawk ( Hemaris croatica ), the bumblebee hawk ( Hemaris fuciformis ) and the scabiosa hawk ( Hemaris tityus ) also occur in Europe , four types, Hemaris thysbe , Hemaris gracilis , Hemaris diffinis , and Hemaris senta are known from North America. If one takes into account the variability of the genus Hemaris , it can probably be assumed that the genus Cephonodes , widespread in the tropics of the ancient world , whose characteristics cannot be clearly defined, must be merged with the genus Hemaris .

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic. AR Pittaway, accessed January 23, 2009 .
  2. ↑ a b c d James P. Tuttle: The Hawkmoths of North America, A Natural History Study of the Sphingidae of the United States and Canada. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC 2007, ISBN 978-0-9796633-0-7 .
  3. ↑ Hemaris Dalman, 1816. Sphingidae Taxonomic Inventory, accessed June 29, 2015 .
  4. ↑ Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic. AR Pittaway, accessed December 26, 2014 .
  5. ↑ Hemaris Dalman, 1816. The Sphingidae of Southeast-Asia, accessed January 2, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Hemaris Dalman 1816 Fauna Europaea, accessed January 23, 2009 .

Web links

Commons : Hemaris  - collection of images, videos and audio files