Claude Bouchiat

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Claude Bouchiat (born May 16, 1932 ) is a French physicist.

Life

Bouchiat studied at the École polytechnique from 1953 to 1955 (and was then officially detached army engineer until 1971). 1957 to 1959 he was at the Palmer Laboratory at Princeton University . In 1960 he received his doctorate under Louis Michel and was then Maitre de Conferences at the Ecole Polytechnique and at the University of Paris in Orsay until 1981 . From 1971 to 2003 he was Director of Research of the CNRS (from 2003 Honorary Director) at the École normal supérieure (ENS). With Meyer, he founded a school of theoretical elementary particle physicists, which held international summer schools in Orsay and later at the ENS.

In 1961 he and Louis Michel were the first to calculate the single-loop contribution of hadrons to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon . In 1972 he set up with John Iliopoulos (who did his doctorate in 1968) and Philippe Meyer (* 1925) as a condition for the disappearance of the anomalies ( triangular loop diagrams that violate the gauge symmetry ) in the quantum field theory of the electroweak interaction that the sum of the electrical charges in of a family (of quarks and leptons ) disappears. But this is only the case if there are three color charges , which is why this result was an early pillar of the color concept.

In 1974 he and his wife Marie-Anne Bouchiat (* 1934) proposed the observation of parity violation in the electroweak interaction through experiments in atomic physics (caused by the exchange of Z bosons , neutral currents), which was then proposed by Steven Chu , Marie-Anne Bouchiat and others was implemented experimentally. With Daniele Amati and Jean-Loup Gervais , he also calculated loop diagrams in the forerunners of string theory (the dual theories) in the 1970s. In 1988, together with Gary Gibbons , he investigated the phenomenon of topological ( Berry ) phases in the quantum mechanics of a spin-1 particle. Together with Marc Mézard , he investigated the elastic properties of DNA molecules.

Bouchiat has been a corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences since 1980 . In 1983 he received the Prix ​​Ampère of the French Academy and in 1989 the Prix des trois physiciens.

His daughter Hélène Bouchiat is also a well-known physicist.

Web link

  • Claude Bouchiat. Académie de Sciences(French). ;(with CV from 2008)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to Martinus Veltman ( Facts and mysteries in elementary particle physics . P. 294) both were some of the few bright spots in the “dark times” of French theoretical physics, when the field was still dominated by Louis de Broglie and his school
  2. ↑ Michel Bouchiat: La résonance dans la diffusion méson – méson et le moment magnétique anormal du méson . In: Le Journal de Physique et le Radium . Volume 22, 1961, p. 122
  3. ↑ Bouchiat, Iliopoulos and Meyer: An anomaly-free version of the Weinberg's model . In: Physics Letters B . Volume 38, 1972, pp. 519-523
  4. ↑ Bouchiat and Bouchiat: Weak Neutral Currents in Atomic Physics . In: Physics Letters B . Volume 48, 1974, pp. 111-114; Bouchiat and Bouchiat: Parity violation in atoms . In: Reports Progress Physics . Volume 60, 1997, p. 1351
  5. ↑ Bouchiat and Gibbons: Non-integrable quantum phase in the evolution of spin-1 system. A physical consequence of the non-trivial topology of the quantum state phase . In: J. Physique . Volume 49, 1988, p. 187
  6. ↑ Bouchiard and Mézard: Elasticity model of a supercoiled DNA molecule . In: Physical Review Letters . Volume 80, 1998, p. 1556
personal data
SURNAME Bouchiat, Claude
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French physicist
DATE OF BIRTH May 16, 1932