Clemens Neisser

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Clemens Neisser

Clemens Neisser (born November 8, 1861 in Schweidnitz , † 1940 in Breslau ) was a German psychiatrist . From the 1890s he propagated bed treatment for mentally ill people.

Life

His father was the doctor Joseph Neisser (1814–1890), a brother of the scholar of Vedic literature Walter Neisser (1860–1941). Clemens Neisser studied medicine in Leipzig with Paul Flechsig, among others . In 1886 he was approved . From 1886 he was assistant or senior physician at the Provincial Irrananstalt Leubus under Wilhelm Alter . In 1898 he was authorized to teach general practitioners in psychiatry. On April 1, 1902 he became director of the Provincial Nursing Institution in Lublinitz . On November 1, 1904, he changed to succeed Carl Stöver as director at the Bunzlau sanatorium . In 1909 Neisser was appointed to the medical council. He was a member of the city council in Bunzlau and was elected its head in 1913. In 1926 he was appointed chief medical officer. On March 31, 1930, he retired and moved to Breslau.

plant

Neisser made a name for himself through his work on psychopathology and nosology . His work on paranoia was particularly recognized . The term “ residual delusion” goes back to him , according to which the delusional ideas formed in acute states are retained in later, calm stages of paranoia.

Bed treatment was first recommended in the 1850s by Joseph Guislain and in Germany in the 1860s by Ludwig Meyer for the treatment of acute psychoses. As part of a lecture at the tenth international medical congress in Berlin, Neisser advocated paying more attention to bed treatment in psychiatric practice. Newly admitted patients in particular should no longer stay in bed only at night, but also during the day. The idea behind this was that physical rest would also bring rest to the brain. In a state of excitement, isolation should be prevented and at the same time insight into the illness should be conveyed by linking bed loungers and being sick. Neisser argued that “excited mentally ill people, both melancholically frightened and hallucinatory confused, and especially also maniacally aroused, remain quiet in bed on medical advice and with appropriate maintenance; quiet or noisy, be it as it is! but they stay where they are, and that is the main thing! That is, so to speak, the egg of Columbus! "

The psychiatric historians Heinz Schott and Rainer Tölle also point out the underlying organizational motives for bed treatment. Psychotic restlessness could hardly be calmed down with bed treatment, while generally applied, however, the needs of the sick could be silenced. Bed treatment "soon became a rashly used discipline". Neisser defended bed treatment until the end of his career against critics such as Hermann Simon , the founder of occupational therapy , as the "coronation and conclusion of the ideal reforms of a Pinel and Connolly ."

Fonts (selection)

  • About catatonia. A contribution to clinical psychiatry. Publishing house by Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1887.
  • The paralytic attacks. Clinical lecture… . F. Enke, Stuttgart 1894.
  • Paranoia and bullshit. Lecture in the Psych. Association in Berlin on March 21, 1896. In: Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Vol. 53 (1896).
  • About the bed treatment of acute psychoses and about the changes which their introduction into the institution brings with it. In: Journal for practical doctors; No. 18 u. 19, 1900. (1900).
  • Individuality and psychosis. Lecture given at the general meeting of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors in Meran on September 29, 1905. In: Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift ; 45-47. 1906.
  • Psychiatric considerations in the assessment and treatment of caring children. Lecture, go on d. General Welfare Education Days in Breslau 1906. C. Marhold, Halle a. P. 1907.
  • Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum 1828-1899. J. Springer, [Berlin 1924].

Web links

Literature (selection)

  • J. Bresler. Clemens Neisser on the 40th anniversary of the company . Psychiatric-Neurological Weekly 28, pp. 205-209, 1926
  • I. Fischer (Ed.): Biographical Lexicon of the Outstanding Doctors of the Last Fifty Years , Volume 2. - Berlin [et al.]: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1962 pp. 1104–1105
  • Alma Kreuter: German-speaking neurologists and psychiatrists: a biographical-bibliographical lexicon from the forerunners to the middle of the 20th century. - Munich [et al.]: Saur, 1996. pp. 1022-1024

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Monika Ankele: Everyday life and appropriation in psychiatric hospitals around 1900. Self-testimonies from women from the Prinzhorn collection. Böhlau, Vienna 2009, ISBN 9783205783398 , p. 145.
  2. ↑ Heinz Schott and Rainer Tölle: History of Psychiatry. Illnesses wrong ways forms of treatment. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3406535550 , p. 275.
personal data
SURNAME Neisser, Clemens
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Neißer, Clemens; Neisser, Klemens
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist
DATE OF BIRTH November 8, 1861
PLACE OF BIRTH Świdnica
DATE OF DEATH 1940
Place of death Wroclaw