Cohors III Alpinorum

The Cohors III Alpinorum [equitata] [Antoniniana] ( German 3rd cohort of alpine inhabitants [partly mounted] [the Antoninian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by a military diploma , inscriptions and brick stamps. In some inscriptions it is referred to as Cohors III Alpina .

Name components

Alpinorum : the alpine dweller. When the unit was set up, the soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the tribes that settled in the Alps around the Roman province of Gallia cisalpina .

pia fidelis : loyal and loyal. The addition occurs in the brick stamp ( CIL 3, 04665b ).

equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry.

Antoniniana : the Antoninian. An honorific designation that refers to Caracalla (211-217) or Elagabal (218-222). The addition appears in the inscription ( AE 1979, 448 ).

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors (quingenaria) equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia (in that order). It is listed on a military diploma for the year 94 AD.

The unit was stationed in the province of Dalmatia in the 1st and 2nd centuries , where inscriptions and brick stamps were found in various places. It is documented by a diploma in 94 in the province. Towards the end of the 2nd or beginning of the 3rd century the cohort was moved to the province of Pannonia .

The unit is mentioned for the last time in the Notitia dignitatum with the name Cohors tertia Alpinorum for the Siscia location . Under the direction of a tribune, it was part of the troops that were under the command of the Dux Pannoniae secundae ripariensis et Saviae .

Locations

Locations in Dalmatia may have been:

Andetrium ( Muć ): The inscriptions ( AE 1899, 158 , CIL 3, 2746 ) were found here.
Bigeste ( Ljubuški ): Several inscriptions have been found here.
Burnum : The inscriptions ( CIL 3, 9907 ) were found here.
Salona ( Solin ): Numerous inscriptions have been found here.

Locations in Pannonia may have been:

Ad Novas
Quadrata ( Lébény ): bricks marked COH III AP E were found here.
Siscia : The unit is listed in the Notitia dignitatum for this location.

Bricks marked COH III ALP and COH III APF were found in other locations in Pannonia .

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

[] [Aur] elius Pro [culus], a prefect ( AE 1969/70, 151 )
[] Marcellus, a prefect ( CIL 9, 2564 )
C (aius) Vibius Maximus: he is named on the diploma of 94 as the commander of the cohort.

Ti (berius) Cl (audius) Subatianus Proculus, a prefect ( AE 1911, 107 ). He was also prefect of the Ala Constantium and tribune of the Cohors VI Civium Romanorum .
Vibius Vibianus ( AE 1979, 448 )

Others

[?], a Decurio ( CIL 3, 8739 )
[?], a rider ( AE 1950, 110 )
[] lius, a bucinator ( AE 1900, 47 )
Aurelius Maximus, a soldier ( CIL 3, 2748 )
[Au] rel (ius) Ve [r] us, a Decurio ( AE 1975, 677 )
Betulo, a soldier ( AE 1950, 109 )
Blaesius, a horseman ( AE 1983, 650 )
Caenius, a horseman ( ILJug-03, 01922 )
C (aius) Valerius Marcellinus, a horseman ( CIL 3, 2058 )
Cassius, a Tesserarius ( AE 1899, 158 )
G (aius) Baebidius Marcellus, a soldier ( CIL 3, 2012 )
Iulianus, a Centurion ( AE 1900, 47 )
L (ucius), an option ( CIL 3, 8491 )
L (ucius) Attius Restutus, a horseman ( CIL 3, 13906 )
[Ma] rcellus, a veteran ( ILJug-02, 00653 )
Marcellus Iess (), a centurion ( ILJug-02, 00681 )

M (arcus) Avilius Nummius, a centurion ( CIL 3, 1810 )
M (arcus) Iunius Fadenus, a Decurio ( CIL 3, 2759 )
M (arcus) Valerius Donicus, a centurion ( CIL 3, 2746 )
Nunisianus, a Centurion ( AE 1899, 158 )
[P] ompeius [Fro] ntinianus ( CIL 3, 14698 )
P (ublius) Domitius Potens, a veteran ( CIL 3, 2003 )
Primus, a soldier and Tubicen ( CIL 3, 8491 )
Sep (timius) [] dus, a soldier ( ILJug-02, 00681 )
Ti (berius) Claudius Ligomarus, a horseman ( CIL 3, 14632 )
T (itus) Fl (avius) Pompeius, a centurion ( AE 1979, 448 )
Tullius, a veteran ( CIL 3, 8491 )
Valerius, a signer ( AE 1950, 109 )
Vanaius, a horseman ( CIL 3, 8495 )
Venetus, a foot soldier: the diploma of 94 was issued to him.
Verus, a soldier ( CIL 3, 9907 )
Vic [], a soldier ( CIL 3, 12905 )

Web links

Commons : Cohors III Alpinorum - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

↑ Another unit called Cohors tertia Alpinorum is listed in the Notitia dignitatum for the Arnona site in the province of Arabia . There she was part of the troops that were under the command of the Dux Arabiae . Michael P. Speidel assumed that the auxiliary units, like the legions, were distributed over several locations from the end of the 3rd century onwards and that these newly formed units retained their original names. Barnabás Lőrincz assumed that the cohort would move from Pannonia to Arabia in the 3rd century.

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c ^d John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1841710464 , pp. 257, 266 -268
^ Military diploma of the year 94 ( CIL 16, 38 ).
^ Notitia dignitatum in partibus Occidentis XXXII ( online ).

[GE-4] Another unit called Cohors tertia Alpinorum is listed in the Notitia dignitatum for the Arnona site in the province of Arabia . There she was part of the troops that were under the command of the Dux Arabiae . Michael P. Speidel assumed that the auxiliary units, like the legions, were distributed over several locations from the end of the 3rd century onwards and that these newly formed units retained their original names. Barnabás Lőrincz assumed that the cohort would move from Pannonia to Arabia in the 3rd century.

[jsp-1] A ^b ^c ^d John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1841710464 , pp. 257, 266 -268

[MD-2] Military diploma of the year 94 ( CIL 16, 38 ).

[ND-3] Notitia dignitatum in partibus Occidentis XXXII ( online ).