Dux Pannoniae secundae ripariensis et Saviae
The Dux Pannoniae secundae ripariensis et Saviae (commander of Pannonia II and Saviae) was from the 3rd century commander of the Danube limes ( Limes Pannonicus stationed) Limitanei - and naval units . Like his western counterpart, the Dux Pannoniae Primae et Norici Ripensis , he commanded the commandments of two provinces. The office is only known from the Notitia Dignitatum .
The area of responsibility ( ducat ) of the Dux extended to the Limes of the provinces Pannonia secunda and Saviae , ds the southern Hungarian, Croatian and Serbian Danube region and the valley of the Save .
In the hierarchy of the Roman imperial nobility, the Dux assumed the position of vir spectabilis (second senatorial class) from Valentinian I.
Administrative staff
The Officium (administrative staff) of the Dux comprised the following offices:
- Principem de eodem officio (Head of the Office)
- Numerarium (paymaster)
- Adiutorem (assistant)
- Commentariensem (bookkeeper and legal expert)
- Subadiuuam (assistant)
- Regrendarium (administrator or archivist)
- Exceptores (writers)
- Singulares et reliquos officiales (Ordonances)
troops
The majority of the units (some are named in several locations) belonged to the Limitanei . They were distributed in forts or towns directly on the river banks or their hinterland. A few of them can also be found in the field armies ( Comitatenses ) of the Magister Equitum (OB der Reiter) and Magister Peditum (OB der Infantry). The Notitia Dignitatum lists a total of 22 castles / cities for Pannonia II and Saviae . However, only 10 prefects and 4 tribunes are given. As in some other Danube provinces, the bank limes ( ripae ) of Pannonia II was organizationally divided into two sections:
- upper section (partis superioris) and
- lower section (partis inferioris) .
These sections were notably often backed up by the fifth cohort. According to Karlheinz Dietz, this was probably a misinterpretation of the acronym CHTV (c [o] h [or] t [i] u [m]) by the medieval copyists of Notitia. In contrast to the neighboring province of Valeria , the lower section is not mentioned; The units stationed there could have been destroyed or blown up in the late 370s, after the defeat of the Eastern Roman army against the Visigoths and Alans in the Battle of Adrianople .
Distributio Numerorum
According to the ND Occ. the following units were available to the Dux :
cavalry
| Officers / units / castles | comment | Illustration |
|---|---|---|
| (no officer given) Equites Dalmatae , Novas | Cavalry soldiers recruited from the Dalmatian tribes in the early 4th century. | |
| (no officer specified) Equites Dalmatae , Albano | ||
| (no officer given) Equites promoti , Teutibarcio | The name means "selected horsemen", they were probably assigned from one of the border legions under Gallienus or Diocletian . | |
| (no officer indicated) Equites Dalmatae , Cornaco | The unit shared the fort with the Cuneus equitum scutariorum and the Equites Promoti . | |
| (no officer specified) Equites sagittarii , Cuccis | A unit of mounted archers. | |
| (no officer given) Equites Dalmatae , Bornoriae | ||
| (no officer specified) Equites Dalmatae , Cusi | ||
| (no officer specified) Equites sagittarii , Acimirci | ||
| (no officer specified) Equites Dalmatae , Ricti | ||
| (no officer specified) Equites Dalmatae , Burgentas | ||
| (no officer given) Equites promoti , Tauruno | ||
| (no officer specified) Ala Sirmensis , Sirmi | ||
| (no officer specified) Cuneus equitum scutariorum , Cornacii | In the Notitia there are seven other Scutari formations in addition to this unit, in the army of the
specified. |
|
| (no officer specified) Cuneus equitum Dalmatarum , Teutiborgio | ||
| (no officer specified) Cuneus equitum Constantianorum , Burgenas | ||
| (no officer indicated) Cuneus equitum promotorum , Cuccis | Probably identical to the Cuneus equitum promotorum ( Comitatenses ) in the army of the Magister Equitum . | |
| (no officer indicated) Cuneus equitum constantium , Aciminci | ||
| (no officer indicated) Cuneus equitum Italicianorum Secundarum , (no fort indicated) | A rider's division, which was probably originally taken from the Noric Legio II Italica . |
infantry
| Officers / units / castles | comment | Illustration |
|---|---|---|
| Legiones - limitanei | ||
| Praefectus legionis quintae Ioviae cohortis quintae partis superioris , Bononiae | The legion set up under Diocletian belonged to the Limitanei from the late 4th century , their 5th cohort secured the border section at Bononiae . However, it should not have given up any vexillations to the field army ( Comitatenses ). Since this is highly unusual, some of their vexillations are indeed recorded in the Notitia , but under names that give little or no indication of their origin. | |
| Praefectus sextae Herculeae cohortis quintae partis superioris , Aureo Monte | The legion set up by Diocletian's co-emperor Maximian belonged to the Limitanei from the late 4th century , their 5th cohort secured the border section at Aureo Monte . | |
| Praefectus legionis quintae Ioviae , Burgenas | ||
| Praefectus legionis sextae Herculeae , Teutiborgio | ||
| Praefectus legionis quintae Ioviae sextae Herculeae , Onagrino |
Auxiliaries
| Officers / units / castles | comment | Illustration |
|---|---|---|
| Auxilia - limitanei | ||
| (no officer given) Auxilia Hercul [ensia] , Ad Hercules | ||
| (no officer specified) Auxilia Novensia , Arsaciana or Novas | ||
| (no officer indicated) Auxilia Augustentia , Onagrino bridgehead opposite Bononiam | This troop is possibly identical to the Augustei , a unit of the auxilia palatina in the troop list of the Magister Peditum . | |
| (no officer specified) Auxilia Praesidentia , Herculis | ||
| (no officer given) Auxilia ascarii , Tauruno or Marsonia | Perhaps identical to the Taurunenses , which are given as pseudocomitatenses in the list of troops of the Magister Peditum . | |
| Praefectus militum Calcariensium , Sirmi | ||
| Tribunus cohortis tertiae Alpinorum Dardanorum , (no fort mentioned) | ||
| Tribunus cohortis tertiae Alpinorum , near Siscia | ||
| Tribunus cohortis primae Ioviae , Leonatae | ||
| Tribunus cohortis primae Thracum civium Romanorum , Caput Basensis | An auxiliary unit that had existed for over two centuries at the time the Notitia was written and whose soldiers were once rewarded with Roman citizenship. Perhaps this troop was a vexillation of the Romanenses , Pseudocomitatenses in the army of the Magister Equitum Galliarum . |
Fleet units
| Officers / units / castles | comment | Illustration |
|---|---|---|
| Classis | ||
| Praefectus classis primae Flaviae Augustae , Sirmi | Probably part of the former Classis Pannonica , which was reorganized under the Flavians under the name Classis Flavia Pannonica . | |
| Praefectus classis secundae Flaviae , Graio | ||
| Praefectus classis Histricae , Mursae | Presumably this unit emerged from the Classis Pannonica or the Classis Flavia Histrica . | |
| Praefectus classis primae Pannonicae , Servitii | ||
| (no officer specified) Classis Aegetensium siue secundae Pannonicae , Sisciae | Marines who secured the royal seat of Pannonia II and the Save. The flotilla was originally part of the Classis Pannonica and was relocated to Aegeta at the Iron Gate on the Lower Danube (province of Dacia ripensis ) at an unknown time . In the late 4th century the unit returned to Pannonia and was placed in the Castle of Siscia . |
See also
List of Limes forts in Hungary
Remarks
- ^ Notitia Dignitatum, IN PARTIBUS OCCIDENTIS, XXXII.
- ^ Officium autem habet idem vir spectabilis dux hoc modo
- ↑ Dietz 1993, pp. 298 and 312.
- ↑ sub dispositions
- ↑ ND. occ .: 33, ND. orient: 32, 34, 39, 40.
- ↑ ND.occ. VI, 45
- ^ László Borhy: References to shipping and long-distance trade in Brigetio, Komárom / Szőny, Hungary. In: Histria Antiqua. 21/2012, p. 42.
- ↑ Ilkka Syvänne: 2015, p. 199.
literature
- Ingo Maier: Appendix 4: Numeration of the new edition of the compilation 'notitia dignitatum' (Cnd) .
- Ingo Maier: The Barberinus and Munich codices of the 'Notitia Dignitatum omnium'. Latomus 28.4, 1969, pp. 960-1035 and p. 1022.
- Arnold HM Jones: The Later Roman Empire, 284-602. A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey. Blackwell, Oxford 1964, p. 365, vol. 3.
- Otto Seeck: Notitia Dignitatum accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et Latercula prouinciarum. Weidmann, Berlin 1876, p. 189.
- Péter Kovács : The late Roman army in Pannonia. In: Acta Ant. Hung. 44, 2004, pp. 115-122.
- Ralf Scharf: The Dux Mogontiacensis and the Notitia Dignitatum. A study on the late antique border defense (= Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . Supplementary volumes, Volume 48). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 2005, ISBN 3-11-018835-X . ( limited preview in Google Book search)
- Michael S. DuBois: Auxillae: A Compendium of Non-Legionary Units of the Roman Empire . Lulu Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1-329-63758-0 .
- Ilkka Syvänne: Military History of Late Rome 284-361 . Pen & Sword Books, Barnsley 2015, ISBN 978-1-84884-855-9 .
- Karlheinz Dietz: Cohortes, ripae, pedaturae. On the development of the border legions in late antiquity. Self-published by the Seminar for Ancient History, Würzburg 1993.
Web links
- The Dux in the Notitia Dignitatum (English)
Comes Britanniarum | Comes litoris Saxonici per Britanniam | Dux Britanniarum | Dux Belgicae secundae | Dux tractus Armoricani et Nervicani | Comes tractus Argentoratensis | Dux Mogontiacensis | Dux Germaniae primae | Dux provinciae Sequanicae | Comes Italiae | Comes Illyrici | Dux Raetiae primae et secundae | Dux Pannoniae Primae et Norici Ripensis | Dux Valeriae ripensis | Dux Pannoniae secundae ripariensis et Saviae | Dux provinciae Tripolitanae | Comes Africae | Dux et praeses provinciae Mauritaniae et Caesariensis | Comes Tingitaniae | Comes Hispaniarum