Dux Valeriae ripensis

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Army leaders of the Comitatenses and Limitanei in the 5th century AD.
The Pannonian Limes
The Pannonian provinces in the 4th century
Notitia Dignitatum, forts under the command of the Dux of Valeria: Solue, Intercisa, Nuncinercisa, Conradcuha, Altino, Odiabo, Crumero, Solua, Ad Herculem, Cirpi, Constantia, Campona, Matrice, Vetusalina, Intercisa, Adnamantia, Lussonio Ad, Ripalta Statuas, Florentia
Late Roman officer's helmet of the Berkasovo II type, 4th century
Brick temple of Dux Valeria Frigeridus from the Burgus of Tahitótfalu – Balhavár

The Dux Valeriae Ripensis (commander of the banks Valeria) was probably from the 4th century commander of the middle Danube Limes stationed Limitanei - and naval units . His immediate superior was the Magister Peditum (commander in chief of the infantry).

Like most of the Duces Limites of the Western Empire, he commanded only one province. His area of ​​responsibility extended to the Limes of the province of Valeria , d. i. the Danube region in today's central Hungary .

The official title, Dux Valeriae limitis , is known from an inscription on the building of Solva Castle.

The ducat, or some of its office holders, are from the

Well-known Duces:

Several brick temples of Dux Frigeridus were found in the Tahitótfalu-Balhavár castle , the Visegrád castle - Lepence , the Visegrád watchtower - quarry and the Szigetmonostor castle - Horány . Since some specimens of the Dux Terentius were also found there, it could have been replaced around the year 371. The term of office and the brick stamps of Frigeridus could be dated between 371 and 373 AD.

Frigeridus rank in the Roman imperial nobility, Vir perfectissimus , is handed down on some brick stamps in the abbreviation VP. From the reign of Valentinian I , a Dux took the position of Vir spectabilis (second senatorial class).

Administrative staff

The Officium (administrative staff) of the Dux comprised the following offices:

  • Principem de eodem corpore (Head of the Office)
  • Numerarium (paymaster)
  • Adiutorem (assistant)
  • Commentariensem (bookkeeper and legal expert)
  • Subadiuuam (assistant)
  • Regrendarium (administrator or archivist)
  • Exceptores (writers)
  • Singulares et reliquos officiales (Ordonances)

troops

The majority of the units (some are named in several locations) belonged to the Limitanei . They were distributed in forts or towns directly on or near the Danube. A few of them can also be found in the field armies ( Comitatenses ) of the Magister Equitum Galliarum (OB of the cavalry army stationed in Gaul ) and the Magister Peditum (OB of the infantry). The Notitia Dignitatum lists a total of 31 forts and cities for the Valeria . However, only 9 prefects and 6 tribunes are given. In contrast to the neighboring Pannonia II , the units of the Dux Valeria seem to be fully registered (provided that the legionary department in Transiacinco , which is not listed with its serial number , belonged to the Legio I Adiutrix ). However, apparently two units were withdrawn from the Valeria before the final version of the Notitia was drawn up. Inscriptions confirm the existence of an N EQQ SCUT ( Numerus equitum scutariorum ). The tombstone of one of their officers ( praepositus ) was discovered in Intercisa (Dunaújváros). The same applies to the militum Histricorum from Aquincum . These two units are no longer mentioned in the Notitia . As in some other Pannonian Danube provinces, the Limes ( ripae ) of the Valeria was organizationally divided into two sections:

  • upper section, upstream (partis superioris) and
  • lower section, downstream (partis inferioris) .

The possibly. According to Notitia, sections were often saved by the fifth cohort. According to Karlheinz Dietz, it was probably a misinterpretation of the abbreviation CHTV (c [o] h [or] t [i] u [m]) by the medieval copyists of Notitia.

One of the western Fabricae is listed in the Notitia as Acincensis scutarie. It was located in Acincum made shields and was subordinate to the Western Magister Officiorum .

Distributio Numerorum

According to the ND Occ. the following units were available to the Dux :

cavalry

Officers / units / castles comment Illustration
Cuneus - limitanei
(no officer indicated) Cuneus equitum scutatorum , Solue
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Cuneus equitum Dalmatarum , Intercisa
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Cuneus equitum Constantianorum , (previously) Lusionio nune (now in) Intercisa
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Cuneus equitum stablesianorum , Ripa Alta nune Conradcuha A unit of the cloakroom ( Comitatenses ). Further departments of this unit can be found in the list of
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Cuneus equitum Fortensium , Altino A unit of this name can also be found in the army of the Dux Daciae ripensis (Eastern Empire).
Shield sign unknown
Equites - limitanei
(no officer specified) Equites Dalmatae , Odiabo Horse soldiers recruited from the Dalmatian tribes in the early 4th century .
Shield sign unknown
(no officer given) Equites promoti , Crumero The name means "selected horsemen", they were probably assigned from one of the border legions in the 3rd or 4th century, under the emperors Gallienus or Diocletian .
Shield sign unknown
(no officer given) Equites Mauri , Solua Originally recruited from members of North African tribes ( Moors ).
Shield sign unknown
(no officer given) Equites Dalmatae , Ad Herculem
Shield sign unknown
(no officer given) Equites Dalmatae , Cirpi
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Equites Dalmatae , Constantiae
Shield sign unknown
(no officer given) Equites Dalmatae , Campona
Shield sign unknown
(no officer given) Equites promoti , Matrice
Shield sign unknown
(no officer given) Equites Dalmatae , Vetusalinae
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Equites sagittarii, Intercisa A unit of mounted archers.
Shield sign unknown
(no officer given) Equites Dalmatae , Adnamantia
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Equites Dalmatae , Lussonio
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Equites Dalmatae , Ripa Alta
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Equites Dalmatae , Ad Statuas
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Equites Dalmatae , Florentiae
Shield sign unknown
(no officer given) Equites sagittarii , Altino , nune in burgo contra Florentiam
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Equites Flavianenses , Ad Militare
Shield sign unknown

infantry

Officers / units / castles comment Illustration
Auxilia - limitanei
(no officer given) Auxilia Herculensia , Ad Herculem
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Auxilia Ursarensia , Pone Navata nune Ad Statuas Perhaps a vexillation of the Cursarienses iuniores in the army of Magister Equitum Galliarum .
Shield sign unknown
(no officer given) Auxilia Vigilum , contra Acinco in barbarico
Shield sign unknown
(no officer given) Auxilia Fortensia , Cirpe
Shield sign unknown
(no officer specified) Auxilia insidiatorum , Cardabiaca Literally: "Soldier in ambush", probably just a functional designation but probably not the name of this unit. Your core troops could be the Insidatores who are listed in the army of the Magister Equitum Galliarum .
Shield sign unknown
Legiones - limitanei
Praefectus legionis primae adiutricis cohortis quintae,
partis superioris , Bregtione 		The fifth cohort of the Legio I Adiutrix was still stationed in their main camp in the late 4th century and secured the upper section of the Valerian Limes. An infantry unit under the command of Magister Equitum Galiarum , the Acincenses , which does not appear in the army of Magister Peditum , can clearly be traced back to Aquincum . Their soldiers could have been pulled out of either Legio I or II Adiutrix . Apparently the unit was assigned to the Dux Mogontiacensis , in whose army a Praefectus militum Acincensium is led. However, it is also possible that this was a vexillation of the auxilia vigilum .
Shield sign unknown
Praefectus legionis secundae adiutricis cohortis quintae,
partis superioris , Aliscae 		A vexillation of the Legio II Adiutrix , their fifth cohort was in the 4th century in the Alisca fort and secured the upper section of the Valerian Limes.
Shield sign unknown
Praefectus legionis secundae adiutricis,
partis inferioris , Florentiae 		A vexillation of the Legio II Adiutrix lay in the Dunaszekcső fort in the 4th century and secured the lower section of the Valerian Limes.
Shield sign unknown
Praefectus legionis secundae adiutricis,
partis superioris , Acinco 		A remnant troop of Legio II Adiutrix was still in their main camp Aquincum in the 4th century and secured the upper section of the Valerian Limes.
Shield sign unknown
Praefectus legionis secundae adiutricis , castello contra Tautantum A vexillation of the Legio II Adiutrix was in the bridgehead fort Contra Aquincum in the 4th century .
Shield sign unknown
Praefectus legionis secundae adiutricis , Cirpi A vexillation of the Legio II Adiutrix .
Shield sign unknown
Praefectus legionis secundae adiutricis , Lussonio A vexillation of the Legio II Adiutrix .
Shield sign unknown
Praefectus legionis , Transiacinco Under Transacincum (Transaquincum) is here - according to Roman practice to form geographical names trans with the preposition - probably not the name of a bearing but one about Aquincum also reaching surveillance zone to understand that the Praefectus the Legio II Adiutrix shelter. We neither know when this was established, nor whether its last place in the list can be explained by its character, which differs from the name of the forts, or whether it merely indicates that it was added later. One thing is certain, however, namely that she will already appear in the Valeria's 365 compiled list . According to this, at the time of Valentinian I in the foreland of Aquincum , in the immediate vicinity of the quadratic-Sarmatian border strip, there was an area under Roman military administration, the extent of which probably always extended to the current northern border line.
Shield sign unknown
Cohortes - limitanei
Tribunus cohortis , Vincentiae The name of this location is only known from the brick temple (Vincentia). Probably a late antique outpost fort.
Shield sign unknown
Tribunus cohortis , Quadriborgio The name of this location is only known from Ziegelstempel - Quadriburg (ium). Perhaps a small fortress built in late antiquity (see Burgus ).
Shield sign unknown
Tribunus cohortis , Iovia Probably Botivo Castle in Upper Pannonia.
Shield sign unknown
Tribunus cohortis , ad burgum Centenarium In late antiquity, small fortresses or fortified farms were called centenariums .
Shield sign unknown
Tribunus cohortis , Alesacae
Shield sign unknown
Tribunus cohortis , Marinanae
Shield sign unknown

fleet

Officers / units / castles comment Illustration
Classis
Praefectus classis Histricae , Florentiae This unit probably emerged from the Classis Pannonica . Other departments of this fleet are at

(whose fleet unit is not listed in the Notitia, however).

Shield sign unknown

See also

List of Limes forts in Hungary

Remarks

  1. ↑ Kovacs 2004, p. 116, inscription: RIU 770 (364-367)
  2. ↑ Notitia Dignitatum, IN PARTIBUS OCCIDENTIS, XXXIII, Res Gestae, 31, building inscription Esztergom-Hideglelőskereszt CIL 3, 10596 .
  3. ^ Altar RIU 699 from Almásfüzitő
  4. ↑ GRÓH - GRÓF 1996, 21-23, SOPRONI 1978, 51-55, pl. 58.13, pl. 66.1
  5. ^ Officium autem habet idem vir spectabilis dux hoc modo
  6. ↑ RIU 5, 1205 , CIL 3, 3370 , Egon Schallmayer 1994, p. 274: “The same military costume can be found on a grave stele (Fig. 2) from Intercisa / Pann. inf., with a beneficiarier of the numerus equitum scutariorum, who was only in Intercisa after 260. The stele was placed for the beneficiarier Aurelius Valens by his brother Aurelius Monimus, who also belonged to a horse troop. The relief shows the beneficiarier in a long-sleeved tunic (tunica manicata) with a ring buckle cingulum and a cloak that is held by a fibula over the right shoulder. A sword hangs down from the left side of his body. The richly bridled horse in the background jumps to the left in an unnatural movement. "
  7. ↑ Dietz 1993, pp. 298 and 312.
  8. ↑ sub dispositions
  9. ^ ND Occ. 102 / 5.156
  10. ^ ND Occ. 143, 28
  11. ↑ ND Occ .: 102, 5.153 and 143, 26, 156, 8.12
  12. ↑ distress. Dig. occ. XXXIII 65.

literature

  • Klaus Wachtel: Frigeridus dux . In: Chiron. Tape. 30 (2000), p. 912.
  • Ingo Maier: Appendix 4: Numeration of the new edition of the compilation 'notitia dignitatum' (Cnd) .
  • Ingo Maier: The Barberinus and Munich codices of the 'Notitia Dignitatum omnium' ; Latomus 28.4, 1969, pp. 960-1035 and p. 1022.
  • Arnold HM Jones: The Later Roman Empire, 284-602; A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey ; Blackwell, Oxford 1964, 365, vol. 3.
  • Otto Seeck: Notitia Dignitatum accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et Latercula prouinciarum , Weidmann, Berlin, 1876, p. 189.
  • Péter Kovács : The late Roman army in Pannonia. In: Acta Ant. Hung. 44, 2004, pp. 115-122.
  • Ralf Scharf: The Dux Mogontiacensis and the Notitia Dignitatum. A study of late antique border defense . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 2005, ISBN 3-11-018835-X ( Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . Supplementary volumes, Volume 48. Limited preview in the Google book search).
  • Sandor Soproni: The late Roman Limes between Esztergom and Szentendre. The defense system of the province of Valeria in the 4th century. Budapest 1978.
  • Daniel Groh, P. Grof: A Visegrád - lepencei őrtorony és a későrómai szoborlelet - The watchtower of Visegrád - Lepence and the late Roman statue find. Savaria 22/3: 1992-1995: 21-24 (1996).
  • Michael S. DuBois: Auxillae: A Compendium of Non-Legionary Units of the Roman Empire. Lulu Press 2015, ISBN 978-1-329-63758-0 . Book preview google
  • Egon Schallmayer: The Roman consecration district of Osterburken II . Theiss, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8062-1140-X .
  • Karlheinz Dietz: Cohortes, ripae, pedaturae. On the development of the border legions in late antiquity. Self-published by the Seminar for Ancient History, Würzburg 1993.

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