Cohors III Gallorum (Germania)

The Cohors III Gallorum [equitata] ( German 3rd cohort of the Gauls [partly mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.

Name components

Gallorum : the Gaul . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the various tribes of the Gauls in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis when the unit was established .

equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in the inscription ( AE 1975, 633 ).

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors (quingenaria) equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Germania , Moesia, and Dacia Inferior (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 74 to 146.

The cohort was probably stationed in Valkenburg around 40/42 . The first secure evidence of unity in the province of Germania is based on a diploma dated 74. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province.

The first evidence of unity in the province of Moesia is based on a diploma dated 75. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated from 78 to 114, prove the unit in the same province (or from 92 in Moesia Inferior ). The diploma of 82 is issued for the units stationed in Germania ; In addition, units are also listed that were in Moesia at that time , including the Cohors III Gallorum (Germania) .

At an unspecified time, the cohort was moved to the Dacia Inferior province. The first evidence of unity in Dacia Inferior is based on a diploma dated 122. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 129 to 146, prove unity in the same province.

The last evidence of the cohort in Dacia Inferior is based on the inscription ( AE 1944, 42 ), which is dated to 177/180.

Locations

The locations of the cohort in Germania were:

Praetorium Agrippinae ( Valkenburg ): The wooden tablets with the names of Albanus and Tigernilus were found in Valkenburg.

Locations of the cohort in Moesia were:

Russian : The inscription of Q (uintus) Varius Secundus was found in Russian.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

Honora (tus), a prefect ( CIL 3, 7721 )
P (ublius) Valerius Sabinus: he is named on the diploma of 105 as the commander of the cohort.
Q (uintus) Varius Secundus ( AE 1957, 307 )

Sex (tus) Iulius Possessor, a prefect ( CIL 2, 1180 )
T (itus) Marcius Taurinus, a prefect ( CIL 12, 2456 )

Others

Albanus, a medicus ( AE 1975, 634 )
Ambirenus, a foot soldier: the diploma of 105 was issued to him.

Marcus, a centurion ( CIL 2, 1127 )
Tigernilus, a soldier ( AE 1975, 633 )

Other cohorts with the designation Cohors III Gallorum

There was another cohort with this name, the Cohors III Gallorum (Mauretania Tingitana) . It is evidenced by military diplomas from 153 to 161 in the province of Mauretania Tingitana .

Remarks

↑ ^a ^b The scenario given here follows the explanations of Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu. It assumes that the Cohors III Gallorum (Germania) and the Cohors III Gallorum (Mauretania Tingitana) are two different units. John Spaul, however, assumes that this is a single unit.

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c ^d John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , Pp. 151-152, 161-162
^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 159, 166, 171 tables 3, 9, 13 ( PDF pp. 161, 168, 173 ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here p. 283 ( online ).
↑ Military diplomas of the years 74 ( CIL 16, 20 ), 75 ( RMD 1, 2 ), 78 ( AE 2008, 1728 , CIL 16, 22 , ZPE-173-237 ), 82 ( CIL 16, 28 ), 92 ( ZPE -148-269 ), 99 ( CIL 16, 45 , RMM 8 , ZPE-180-295 ), 105 ( CIL 16, 50 ), 114 ( CIL 16, 58 ), 122 ( RMM 20 ), 129 ( CIL 16, 75 ), 129/130 ( RMD 5, 376 ), 140 ( RMD 1, 39 ) and 146 ( RMD 4, 269 , ZPE-176-225 ).
↑ ^a ^b Julianus Egidius Bogaers : Twice Valkenburg (Prov. Zuid-Holland) , p. 124 ( PDF p. 3 ).

[GE-5] The scenario given here follows the explanations of Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu. It assumes that the Cohors III Gallorum (Germania) and the Cohors III Gallorum (Mauretania Tingitana) are two different units. John Spaul, however, assumes that this is a single unit.

[jsp-1] A ^b ^c ^d John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , Pp. 151-152, 161-162

[js-2] Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 159, 166, 171 tables 3, 9, 13 ( PDF pp. 161, 168, 173 ).

[ot-3] Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here p. 283 ( online ).

[MD-4] Military diplomas of the years 74 ( CIL 16, 20 ), 75 ( RMD 1, 2 ), 78 ( AE 2008, 1728 , CIL 16, 22 , ZPE-173-237 ), 82 ( CIL 16, 28 ), 92 ( ZPE -148-269 ), 99 ( CIL 16, 45 , RMM 8 , ZPE-180-295 ), 105 ( CIL 16, 50 ), 114 ( CIL 16, 58 ), 122 ( RMM 20 ), 129 ( CIL 16, 75 ), 129/130 ( RMD 5, 376 ), 140 ( RMD 1, 39 ) and 146 ( RMD 4, 269 , ZPE-176-225 ).

[jeb-6] Julianus Egidius Bogaers : Twice Valkenburg (Prov. Zuid-Holland) , p. 124 ( PDF p. 3 ).