Cohors I Campanorum

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The Cohors I Campanorum [voluntariorum] [civium Romanorum] [Antoniniana] ( German  1st cohort from Campania [the volunteers] [the Roman citizens] [the Antoninian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps. In some inscriptions it is referred to as Cohors Campana .

Name components

  • Campanorum , Campana or Campestris : from Campania .
  • voluntariorum : the volunteer. The addition appears in military diplomas from 142/144 to 159, as well as in inscriptions.
  • civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition appears in the diplomas from 148 and 159, as well as in an inscription.
  • Antoniniana : the Antoninian, an honorific designation that refers to Caracalla (211-217). The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there are no references to the additions to the name milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partially mounted), it can be assumed that it is a Cohors quingenaria peditata , a pure infantry cohort. The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the province of Pannonia inferior . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 142/144 to 193 AD.

A Cohors Campana was stationed in the province of Dalmatia in the 1st century AD . There are various conjectures about the beginnings of the unit. The first evidence of unity in Pannonia inferior is based on a diploma dated 142/144. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Pannonia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 143 to 193, prove unity in the same province.

The last record of the cohort in Pannonia inferior is based on an inscription dated 212.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Dalmatia were possibly:

  • Narona ( Vid ): Inscriptions were found here.
  • Solin : Inscriptions were found here.

Locations of the cohort in Pannonia Inferior may have been:

  • Acumincum (Slankamen): Bricks marked COH IC ANT were found here.
  • Bononia (Banoštor)
  • Taurunum ( Zemun ): an inscription was found here.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

See also

literature

  • Margaret M. Roxan : Two Complete Diplomas of Pannonia Inferior: 19 May 135 and 7 Aug. 143. In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik . Volume 127 (1999), pp. 249-273 ( PDF ).
  • Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004 ( PDF ).
  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ In inscriptions found in Dalmatia, the unit is referred to as the Cohors Campana . At the EDCS , the abbreviation Camp is added to Campestris in some inscriptions .
  2. ↑ The scenario given here assumes that the Cohors Campana stationed in the province of Dalmatia is identical to the Cohors I Campanorum voluntariorum stationed later in the province of Pannonia inferior .
  3. ↑ John Spaul assumes that the unit was probably dug under Augustus together with other citizen cohorts; in his opinion, the formation of these units probably took place during the Pannonian uprising and after the defeat of the Varus . According to Margaret M. Roxan , however, Michael P. Speidel suspected that the Cohors Campana was set up before the Pannonian uprising.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Inscriptions with voluntariorum ( CIL 3, 3237 , CIL 6, 3520 )
  2. ↑ Inscription with civium Romanorum ( CIL 3, 3237 )
  3. ↑ a b inscription with Antoniniana ( CIL 3, 3237 )
  4. ↑ a b c d John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 19-20, 22-23.
  5. ↑ Jörg Scheuerbrandt , Exercitus, p. 163 Table 7 (PDF p. 165).
  6. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 142/144 ( Rauch-2013-1708 ), 143 ( RMD 4, 266 ), 144 ( RMD 5, 397 ), 146 ( ZPE-171-229 ), 148 ( CIL 16, 179 , CIL 16, 180 ), 154 ( ZPE-146-247 ), 157 ( AE 2009, 1079 , RMD 2, 102 , RMD 2, 103 ), 157/192 ( RMD 5, 448 ), 159 ( CIL 16, 113 ), 162 ( ZPE-173-223 ) and 193 ( RMD 5, 446 , RMD 5, 447 ).
  7. ^ Margaret M. Roxan , Two Complete Diplomas, p. 263.
  8. ↑ Inscriptions from Narona ( CIL 3, 8438 , CIL 3, 14623.3 )
  9. ↑ Inscriptions from Solin ( CIL 3, 8693 , CIL 3, 14246,1 )
  10. ↑ Nicolae Gudea : The Limes of the Province of Pannonia Inferior (106-294 AD) In: Yearbook of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum Volume 60 (2013), pp. 459-657, here pp. 609-611, 613, 615 ( Online ).
  11. ^ Bricks from Acumincum ( RHP 289 ).
  12. ↑ Inscription from Taurunum ( AE 1968, 436 )