Cohors I Flavia Hispanorum (Germania)

This article deals with the Cohors I Flavia Hispanorum stationed in the province of Germania inferior . For other units with this name see Cohors I Hispanorum .

The Cohors I Flavia Hispanorum [equitata] [pia fidelis] [Philippiana] ( German  1st cohort the Flavian of the Hispanics [partially mounted] [loyal and faithful] [the Philippian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions. In several inscriptions she is referred to as Cohors I Flavia , in another inscription as Cohors I Hispanorum .

Name components

• Cohors : The cohort was an infantry unit of the auxiliary troops in the Roman army .

• I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...

• Flavia : the Flavian. The honorary designation refers to the Flavian emperors Vespasian , Titus and Domitian .

• Hispanorum : the Hispanic . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited on the territory of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis when the unit was established .

• equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in the military diploma of 158 and in three inscriptions.

• pia fidelis : loyal and loyal. Domitian (81-96) gave the Roman armed forces in Germania inferior who remained loyal to him after the suppression of the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus the honorary designation pia fidelis Domitiana . The addition appears in the military diploma of 158 and in two inscriptions.

• Gordiana : the Gordian. A title of honor that refers to Gordian III. (238-244) refers. The addition may appear in an inscription.

• Philippiana : the Philippian. An honorary title that refers to Philip Arabs (244–249). The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces Germania and Germania inferior . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 78 to 158 AD.

The beginnings of the unit are controversial. The first evidence of unity in Germania is based on a diploma dated 78. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, which are dated between 80 and 158, prove the unit in the same province (or from 98 in Germania inferior ).

The last evidence of the cohort is based on an inscription dated 250.

Locations

Locations of the unit in Germania were possibly:

• Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium ( Cologne ): two inscriptions were found here.
• Colonia Ulpia Traiana ( Xanten ): a brick with the stamp of unity was found here.
• Fectio (Vechten): three bricks with the stamps of the unit were found here.
• Rigomagus ( Remagen ): several inscriptions were found here.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

[?], a prefect ( CIL 3, 14619 ) [?], a prefect ( CIL 13, 7796 ) Flavius ​​Sollem [nis] ( CIL 13, 7793 ) I [u] lius Firmus, a prefect ( CIL 13, 7797 ) Iul (ius) Mercurialis, a prefect ( AE 1978, 568 ) Lucius Domitius Rogatus , a prefect

L (ucius) Paconius Proculus, a prefect ( CIL 6, 32933 ) M (arcus) Aurelius Lyaeus, a prefect ( CIL 6, 3506 ) Petronius Athenodorus, a prefect ( CIL 13, 7800 ) [Pom] peius Laetu [s], a prefect ( AE 1954, 50 ) P (ublius) Orbius Lucullus, a prefect ( CIL 13, 7798 ) Val (erius) Ce (n) s [o] r [inus], a prefect ( CIL 13, 7792 )

Others

C (aius) Iul (ius) Piso, a tubicen ( CIL 13, 7798 ) M (arcus) Cassius Verecundus, a veteran ( CIL 13, 11982 )

Secundinus Ama [bi] lis, a soldier ( AE 1974, 456 )

See also

• List of Roman auxiliary units
• Roman armed forces in Germania

literature

• Margaret M. Roxan : The Auxilia of the Roman Army raised in the Iberian Peninsula. Dissertation, 1973 Volume 1 ( PDF 1 ) Volume 2 ( PDF 2 )
• John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

1. ↑ The reading of the two letters EQ in the military diploma of 158 is uncertain.
2. ↑ The reading of the EDCS is [prae] fect (us) coh (ortis) I Fl (aviae) G [ordianae (?)] .
3. ↑ According to Margaret M. Roxan, Géza Alföldy assumed that the cohort was set up around 69/70 and then moved to the Rhine. Margaret M. Roxan, however, considers it likely that an already existing Cohors I Hispanorum , which was stationed in one of the Danube provinces, was awarded the Flavia honorary title by Vespasian .
4. ↑ The unit is evidenced by an inscription in Cologne in 100 when she was working on an armamentarium . According to Jan Kees Haalebos, it cannot be said whether the unit was stationed in the Cologne area or whether the construction team came from another location.
5. ↑ ^{a b} According to Margaret M. Roxan, it cannot be said whether the two were either prefects of the Cohors I Flavia Hispanorum (Germania) or the Cohors I Flavia Hispanorum (Mauretania Caesariensis) .
6. ↑ Both John Spaul and Margaret M. Roxan give the prefect's name Valerius Censorinus . The reading of the EDCS is val (etudinarii?) Cl (audius) S [t] r [at] or .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Inscriptions ( AE 1974, 456 , AE 1978, 568 , CIL 6, 1607 , CIL 13, 7786 , CIL 13, 7787 , CIL 13, 7792 , CIL 13, 7797 , CIL 13, 7800 ).
2. ↑ Inscription ( CIL 13, 11982 ).
3. ↑ Inscriptions with equitata ( CIL 6, 1607 , CIL 6, 32933 , CIL 13, 7796 ).
4. ^ ^{A b} Margaret M. Roxan , The Auxilia, pp. 211-217, 660-663.
5. ^ Paul A. Holder : Exercitus Pius Fidelis: The Army of Germania Inferior in AD 89 In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 128 (1999), pp. 237-250, here pp. 237, 242, 246, 248 ( PDF ).
6. ↑ Inscriptions with pia fidelis ( AE 1984, 667 , CIL 6, 32933 , CIL 13, 7796 ).
7. ^ Inscription with Gordiana ( AE 1978, 568 ).
8. ^ Inscription with Philippiana ( CIL 13, 7792 ).
9. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 78 ( CIL 16, 23 ), 80 ( CIL 16, 158 ), 98 ( RMD 4, 216 ), 101 ( RMM 00009 ), 127 ( RMD 4, 239 ), 152 ( ZPE-148-262 , ZPE-206-207 ) and 158 ( RMD 1, 52 ).
10. ^ ^{A b} John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 108, 116-117.
11. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 158 Table 2 ( PDF p. 160 ).
12. ↑ Inscription ( CIL 13, 7786 ).
13. ^ Inscription from Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium ( AE 1974, 456 , AE 1984, 667 ).
14. ↑ Jan Kees Haalebos : Traian and the auxiliary troops on the Lower Rhine A military diploma of the year 98 AD from Elst in the Over-Betuwe (Netherlands) In: Saalberg Jahrbuch, 2000/50, pp. 31–72 , here p. 44, 47 ( online ).
15. ^ Bricks from Colonia Ulpia Traiana : stamp CI FLA ( CIL 13, 12449 ).
16. ^ Bricks from Fectio : stamps CI FLA ( CIL 13, 12450.1 , CIL 13, 12450.2 ) and CI FLAVI ( CIL 13, 12450.3 ).
17. ↑ Inscriptions from Rigomagus ( AE 1978, 568 , CIL 13, 7786 , CIL 13, 7787 , CIL 13, 7792 , CIL 13, 7793 , CIL 13, 7796 , CIL 13, 7797 , CIL 13, 7798 , CIL 13, 7800 , CIL 13, 11982 ).