Cohors I Germanorum (Germania)

This article deals with the Cohors I Germanorum stationed in the province of Germania superior . For other units with this name see Cohors I Germanorum .

The inscription of Valerius Valerianus ( CIL 13, 6552 )

The inscription of Iulius Clodianus ( AE 1995, 1165 )

The Cohors I Germanorum [civium Romanorum] [Alexandriana] [Philippiana] ( German  1st cohort of the Germans [of the Roman citizens] [the Alexandrian] [the Philippian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions. In an inscription she is referred to as Cohors I Germanica .

Name components

• Cohors : The cohort was an infantry unit of the auxiliary troops in the Roman army .

• I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...

• Germanorum : the Teutons . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the various Germanic tribes when the unit was set up.

• civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition occurs in the military diplomas of 116 and 129.

• Alexandriana : the Alexandrian. An honorary title that refers to Severus Alexander (222-235). The addition appears in an inscription.

• Philippiana : the Philippian. An honorary title that refers to Philip Arabs (244–249). The addition appears in two inscriptions.

Since there are no references to the additions to the name milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partially mounted), it can be assumed that it is a Cohors quingenaria peditata , a pure infantry cohort. The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces Germania and Germania superior . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 82 to 134.

The first evidence of unity in the province of Germania is based on a diploma dated 82. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, which are dated from 94/96 to 134, prove the unity in Germania superior .

The last evidence of the cohort is based on an inscription dated 248.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Germania were possibly:

• Jagsthausen Fort ( Jagsthausen ): several inscriptions were found here. Two inscriptions prove that soldiers of the unit renovated or rebuilt the bathhouse at the fort around 198/209 and then again around 247 (see also Römerbad Jagsthausen ).
• Fort Obernburg ( Obernburg am Main ): an inscription was found here.
• Fort Wimpfen im Tal ( Bad Wimpfen ): two inscriptions were found here.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

[] tius Varus, a prefect ( CIL 14, 2960 ) C (aius) Aetrius Naso, a prefect ( CIL 11, 5745 ) Iulius Clodianus, a tribune ( AE 1995, 1165 ) P (ublius) Aelius Marcianus, a prefect ( ZPE-95-236 )

P (ublius) Bassilius Crescens, a tribune ( CIL 14, 160 ) Q (uintus) Mamil (ius) Honoratus, a tribune ( CIL 13, 6562 ) Valerius Valerianus, a Tribune ( CIL 13, 6552 )

Others

L (ucius) Petronius Tertius, a centurion ( CIL 13, 6555 ) M (arcus) Valer (ius) Silvanus, a centurion ( CIL 13, 1892 )

P (ublius) Acutius Martialis, a veteran and former centurion ( AE 1955, 00095b )

See also

• List of Roman auxiliary units
• Roman armed forces in Germania

Web links

Commons : Cohors I Germanorum (Germania)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

• John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

1. ↑ The scenario given here is based on three different cohorts: the Cohors I Germanorum (Cappadocia) , which was stationed in the province of Cappadocia , the Cohors I Germanorum (Germania) , which was stationed in the province of Germania superior and the Cohors I Germanorum ( Moesia) , which was stationed in the province of Moesia inferior .
2. ↑ It is uncertain whether the unit indicated on the military diploma ( ZPE-147-230 ) is the Cohors I Germanorum ; it could also be the Cohors I Aquitanorum (veterana) .
3. ↑ ^{a b} The assignment of the two commanders to the Cohors I Germanorum (Germania) is controversial.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Inscription ( CIL 13, 1892 )
2. ↑ Inscription with Alexandriana ( CIL 13, 6563 )
3. ↑ Inscriptions with Philippiana ( CIL 13, 6552 , CIL 13, 6562 )
4. ^ ^{A b} John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 235, 254-255.
5. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 159 table 3 ( PDF ).
6. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 82 ( CIL 16, 28 ), 94/96 ( ZPE-147-230 ), 116 ( CIL 16, 62 ), 129 ( RMD 2, 90 ) and 134 ( CIL 16, 80 ).
7. ↑ Inscription ( CIL 13, 6552 )
8. ^ Inscriptions from Jagsthausen ( AE 1995, 1165 , CIL 13, 6552 , CIL 13, 6555 , CIL 13, 6562 , CIL 13, 6563 , RSO 00054 , RSO 00113 )
9. ↑ Inscriptions from Jagsthausen regarding the renovation of the bathhouse from 198/209 ( AE 1995, 1165 ) and 247 ( CIL 13, 6562 )
10. ↑ Inscription from Obernburg am Main ( AE 1994, 1308 )
11. ↑ Inscriptions from Bad Wimpfen ( RSO 00111 , RSO 00114 )
12. ↑ Marjeta Šašel Kos: A New Equestrian Family from Poetovio In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 95 (1993), pp. 236–240, here p. 238 ( PDF ).