Cohors I Ituraeorum (Thracia)

The Cohors I Ituraeorum [sagittariorum or sagittaria] [milliaria] [equitata] ( German 1st cohort from Ituräa [the archers] [1000 men] [partly mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is documented by military diplomas.

Name components

Ituraeorum : from Ituraea . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited in the Iturea region when the unit was established .

sagittariorum or sagittaria : the archer.

milliaria : 1000 men. Depending on whether it was an infantry cohort ( Cohors milliaria peditata ) or a mixed association of infantry and cavalry ( Cohors milliaria equitata ), the nominal strength of the unit was either 800 or 1040 men.

equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The diploma of 88 contains the phrase peditibus et equitibus qui militant in cohorte I milliaria Ituraeorum (foot soldiers and horsemen who serve in the cohort).

The unit was a Cohors milliaria equitata . The nominal strength of the unit was therefore 1040 men, consisting of 10 Centurien infantry with 80 men each and 8 tower cavalry with 30 riders each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Germania , Moesia , Thracia, and Cappadocia (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 88-101.

The unit was probably stationed in Mogontiacum in the province of Germania in the first half of the 1st century . The cohort was then transferred to the province of Moesia at the latest in the early reign of Claudius (41-54) and shortly thereafter to the province of Thracia , where it remained until the reign of Domitian (81-96). It is documented in Thracia by a military diploma for the year 88.

Probably before 94 the unit was moved to the province of Galatia et Cappadocia . The first evidence in this province is based on a diploma dated 99. In another diploma, dated 101, it is listed as Cohors I Ituraeorum milliaria . It is possible that the cohort (or a vexillation of the same) was moved to the province of Dacia around 105/106 in order to take part in Trajan's second Dacian war .

The cohort was then around 135 part of the armed forces that Arrian mobilized for his campaign against the Alans (ἔκταξις κατ᾽ Ἀλανῶν). Arrian mentions a unit in two places in his report which he calls οἱ Ἰτυραῖοι.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Germania superior were possibly:

Mogontiacum ( Mainz ): Gravestones of members of a Cohors I Ituraeorum were found in Mainz.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

[] orius ( AE 1901, 86 )
Caeus, a soldier ( CIL 13, 7040 )
Ca (ius) Vinicar (ius?) ( CIL 13, 7043 )
L (ucius) Vinicar (ius?) (A soldier?) ( CIL 13, 7043 )

Molaecus, a soldier ( AE 1978, 562 )
Monimus, a soldier ( CIL 13, 7041 )
Sibbaeus, a Tubicen ( CIL 13, 7042 )

Further cohorts with the designation Cohors I Ituraeorum

There were 3 other cohorts named Cohors I Ituraeorum :

Cohors I Augusta Ituraeorum : She is documented by military diplomas from 80 to 179 and was stationed in the provinces of Syria , Pannonia and Dacia .
Cohors I Ituraeorum (Mauretania Tingitana) : She is documented by diplomas from 104 to 162/203 and was stationed in the province of Mauretania Tingitana .
Cohors I Ituraeorum (Syria) : She is documented by diplomas from 88 to 110 and was stationed in the provinces of Syria and Dacia .

Remarks

↑ The nominal strength of the unit given here follows Ovidiu Țentea , who calls the unit Cohors I Ituraeorum sagittariorum equitata milliaria (p. 375).
↑ The scenario given here and the order of the provinces in which the cohort was stationed basically follows the explanations of Ovidiu Țentea .
↑ ^a ^b Ovidiu Ţentea has those found in Mainz inscriptions of Cohors I Ituraeorum (Thracia) to, John Spaul however, the Cohors I Ituraeorum (Mauretania Tingitana) .
↑ Ovidiu Țentea and Michael Alexander Speidel assign the military diplomas from Dacia to the Cohors I Ituraeorum (Thracia) , while John Spaul to the Cohors I Ituraeorum (Syria) .

Individual evidence

↑ Werner Eck : Two diplomas for the troops of the province of Thracia, including the earliest under Emperor Domitian In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik . Volume 188 (2014), pp. 250-254, here p. 252 ( online ).

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Ovidiu Țentea: Cohors I milliaria Ituraeorum. A new approach In: STUDIA CLASSICA SERDICENSIA V ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI UNIVERSITY PRESS SOFIA, 2016, ISBN 978-954-07-4103-1 , pp. 372-377 ( online ).

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Michael Alexander Speidel : The Development of the Roman Forces in Northeastern Anatolia. New evidence for the history of the exercitus Cappadocicus. , Special print from: MA Speidel, Heer und Herrschaft im Römischen Reich der Hohen Kaiserzeit, Stuttgart 2009, pp. 595–631, here pp. 603–606, 616 ( online ).

↑ Military diplomas from the years 88 ( ZPE-188-250 ) and 99 ( ZPE-192-238 ).

^ ^A ^b John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1841710464 , pp. 442-443

[SO-1] The nominal strength of the unit given here follows Ovidiu Țentea , who calls the unit Cohors I Ituraeorum sagittariorum equitata milliaria (p. 375).

[GE1-6] The scenario given here and the order of the provinces in which the cohort was stationed basically follows the explanations of Ovidiu Țentea .

[GE2-7] Ovidiu Ţentea has those found in Mainz inscriptions of Cohors I Ituraeorum (Thracia) to, John Spaul however, the Cohors I Ituraeorum (Mauretania Tingitana) .

[GE3-8] Ovidiu Țentea and Michael Alexander Speidel assign the military diplomas from Dacia to the Cohors I Ituraeorum (Thracia) , while John Spaul to the Cohors I Ituraeorum (Syria) .

[we-2] Werner Eck : Two diplomas for the troops of the province of Thracia, including the earliest under Emperor Domitian In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik . Volume 188 (2014), pp. 250-254, here p. 252 ( online ).

[ot-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Ovidiu Țentea: Cohors I milliaria Ituraeorum. A new approach In: STUDIA CLASSICA SERDICENSIA V ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI UNIVERSITY PRESS SOFIA, 2016, ISBN 978-954-07-4103-1 , pp. 372-377 ( online ).

[mas-4] Michael Alexander Speidel : The Development of the Roman Forces in Northeastern Anatolia. New evidence for the history of the exercitus Cappadocicus. , Special print from: MA Speidel, Heer und Herrschaft im Römischen Reich der Hohen Kaiserzeit, Stuttgart 2009, pp. 595–631, here pp. 603–606, 616 ( online ).