Cohors I Montanorum (Moesia)

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The Cohors I Montanorum [civium Romanorum] ( German  1st cohort of the mountain dwellers [the Roman citizens] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.

Name components
  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...
  • Montanorum : the mountain dweller. The soldiers of the cohort were recruited on the territory of the Roman provinces of Raetia and Noricum when the unit was established .
  • civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen or with Roman citizenship. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition occurs in military diplomas from 100 to 101.

Since there are no references to the additions to the name milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partially mounted), it can be assumed that it is a Cohors quingenaria peditata , a pure infantry cohort. The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Noricum , Pannonia , Moesia superior and Dacia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 54/68 to 161 AD.

The first evidence of unity in the province of Noricum is based on a diploma dated 54/68. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman forces in Noricum ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 79, prove unity in the same province.

Between 79 and 85 the cohort was moved to the province of Pannonia , where it is evidenced by a diploma dated 85. The unit was then moved to the Moesia Superior province. The first evidence of unity in Moesia Superior is based on a diploma dated to the year 96. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 100 to 109, prove the unity in the same province.

The cohort took part in Trajan's Dacian wars ; she was then stationed in the new province. The first evidence of unity in the province of Dacia is based on a diploma dated 109. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 110 to 114, prove unity in the same province.

Around 114/115 the unit was transferred back to the province of Moesia Superior , where it is evidenced by diplomas dated to 115. In the diplomas, the unity is listed among those cohorts that were assigned to Trajan's Parthian War ( translatis in expeditione ). After the end of the Parthian War, probably only part of the cohort returned to Moesia Superior , while the other part of the unit remained in the east of the Roman Empire, where it was again added to a full cohort.

It then appears on diplomas for Moesia Superior , which are dated 126 to 161.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Moesia Superior may have been:

  • Novae (Velika Cezava): an inscription was found here.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

  • Buccus, a soldier
  • Dasmenus, a foot soldier: the diploma of 126 was issued to him.
  • M (arcus) Herennius, a foot soldier: a diploma of 109 was issued to him.
  • Remmus, a soldier ( CIL 3, 15003 )
  • Septimius Dassus, a veteran

See also

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ The scenario given here is based on three cohorts: the Cohors I Montanorum (Moesia) , which was stationed in the provinces of Noricum , Pannonia , Moesia and Dacia , the Cohors I Montanorum (Pannonia) , which was stationed in the provinces of Pannonia and Pannonia Inferior was and the Cohors I Montanorum (Syria Palestine) , which was stationed in the province of Syria Palestine . All military diplomas for the provinces of Pannonia and Pannonia Inferior are assigned to the Cohors I Montanorum (Pannonia) ; the diplomas for the provinces of Noricum , Moesia Superior and Dacia are assigned to the Cohors I Montanorum (Moesia) .
  2. ↑ In the diploma of 85 2 cohorts are listed with this designation ( I et I Montanorum ).
  3. ↑ John Spaul assigns the diploma of 98 for Pannonia ( CIL 16, 42 ) to the Cohors I Montanorum (Moesia) . Likewise Ovidiu Țentea , Florian Matei-Popescu , who suspect that the unit took part in Nervas bellum Suebicum at this time . Franziska Beutler-Kränzl , however, assumes that the Cohors I Montanorum (Pannonia) was also awarded the title civium Romanorum and that it is this unit that is listed in the diploma of 98.
  4. ^ According to Franziska Beutler-Kränzl , the Cohors I Montanorum (Moesia) took part in Trajan's Parthian War. After that, part of the cohort stayed in the east of the Roman Empire while the other part returned to Moesia . According to Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl , the Cohors I Montanorum (Moesia) (or a vexillation from this unit) could have participated in Trajan's Parthian War . After that, part of the cohort (or the vexillation) remained in the east of the Roman Empire. According to Margaret M. Roxan , a vexillation following the Bar Kochba uprising was delegated to Syria Palestine by one of the other two Cohortes I Montanorum .
  5. ↑ The assignment to the unit is controversial.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 54/68 ( CIL 16, 6 ), 79 ( RMM 3 , ZPE-146-239 ), 85 ( CIL 16, 31 ), 96 ( RMD 1, 6 ), 100 ( AE 2008, 1731 , AE 2008, 1733 , CIL 16, 46 ), 101 ( AE 2008, 1732 ), 103/106 ( RMM 13 ), 103/107 ( CIL 16, 54 ), 109 ( ZPE-194-226 , RMD 3, 148 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 163 ), 112/114 ( AE 2008, 1739 ), 114 ( RMD 4, 226 ), 115 ( Chiron-2005-64 , Chiron-2008-363 ), 126 ( ZPE-194-231 ), 129 ( ZPE-207-224 ), 133 ( RMD 4, 247 ), 135 ( ZPE-203-227 ), 157 ( RMM 37 , ZPE-165-237 ), 158/159 ( RMD 5, 419 ), 159 ( CIL 16, 111 ), 160 ( RMM 40 , ZPE-192-233 ) and 161 ( RMD 1, 55 ).
  2. ^ A b c John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 275, 294-295.
  3. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 161, 166 tables 5, 9 ( PDF ).
  4. ↑ a b Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here p. 289 ( online ).
  5. ↑ a b Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: Traian's Army in the Parthian War. On a new diploma from the year 115. In: Chiron Communications of the Commission for Ancient History and Epigraphy of the German Archaeological Institute Volume 35 (2005), pp. 49-66, here pp. 59, 63 ( online ).
  6. ↑ Franziska Beutler-Kränzl: Fragment of an Upper Moselle military diploma from July 1, 126 (plate 1). In: Tyche Contributions to Ancient History, Papyrology and Epigraphy. Volume 15 (2000), pp. 7-30, here pp. 21-22 ( PDF ).
  7. ↑ Margaret M. Roxan : Two Complete Diplomas of Pannonia Inferior: 19 May 135 and 7 Aug. 143. In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik . Volume 127 (1999), pp. 249-273, here p. 262 ( PDF ).
  8. ^ Inscription from Novae ( AE 1976, 609 ).