Cohors I Ulpia Dacorum

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The Cohors I Ulpia Dacorum [equitata] ( German  1st cohort the Ulpische der Dacians [partly mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , an inscription and the Notitia dignitatum . In the inscription it is referred to as Cohors III Dacorum , in the Notitia dignitatum as Cohors prima Ulpia Dacorum .

Name components
  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...
  • Ulpia : the Ulpian . The honorary designation refers to Emperor Trajan , whose full name is Marcus Ulpius Traianus .
  • Dacorum : the Dacian . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the Dacian people when the unit was established.
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in Syria Province . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 129 to 156/157 AD.

The unit was probably set up after the first Dacian War of Trajan around 103/104 and then probably stationed in the province of Syria . The first evidence in Syria is based on diplomas dated to 129. In the diplomas, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Syria ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 153 to 156/157, prove unity in the same province.

A vexillation of the cohort took part in the Parthian War of Lucius Verus (161–166). It is listed in an inscription as part of the units that were under the direction of Marcus Valerius Lollianus . The inscription says that Lollianus was the commander in Mesopotamia over sections of selected riders of the Alen [..] and the cohorts .

The unit is mentioned for the last time in the Notitia dignitatum with the designation Cohors prima Ulpia Dacorum for the Claudiana site. She was part of the troops under the command of the Dux Syriae .

Locations

Cohort locations in Syria may have been:

  • Claudiana: The unit is listed in the Notitia dignitatum for this location.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

Others

  • [?]: a diploma of 129 ( ZPE-183-236 ) was issued for him.
  • [?], a foot soldier: a diploma of 129 ( Chiron-2006-241 ) was issued to him.
  • [?], a foot soldier: a diploma of 129 ( Chiron-2006-242 ) was issued to him.
  • [?]: a diploma of 129 ( ZPE-190-293 ) was issued for him.
  • M (arcus) Ulpius []: a diploma of 129 ( Chiron-2006-239 ) was issued to him.
  • [M (arcus) Ulp] ius Canuleius, a foot soldier: a diploma of 129 ( Chiron-2006-230 ) was issued to him.

See also

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b c The scenario given here assumes that the Cohors III Dacorum listed in the inscription ( CIL 3, 600 ) is a typographical error and that the Cohors I Ulpia Dacorum is actually meant. The inscription lists mounted units from the army stationed in the province of Syria , which took part in the Parthian War of Lucius Verus (161–166); the Cohors I Ulpia Dacorum was therefore a Cohors equitata .
  2. ↑ The soldiers released in 129 had been recruited at least 25 years earlier. According to Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl, the cohort was drawn up by Trajan ; Of the original 400 to 500 Dacians who had been accepted into the unit when it was set up, around 200 to 250 were probably still alive when they were released in 129 and then received a military diploma.
  3. ↑ According to his origin, the soldier was a Dacus , but already has a Roman name . According to Werner Eck, Andreas Pangerl, he was granted Roman citizenship by Trajan during his military service .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b inscription ( CIL 3, 600 )
  2. ↑ Military diplomas from the years 129 ( Chiron-2006-230 , Chiron-2006-234 , Chiron-2006-237 , Chiron-2006-239 , Chiron-2006-241 , Chiron-2006-242 , ZPE-183-236 , ZPE- 190-293 ), 153 ( Chiron-2006-267 ) and 156/157 ( CIL 16, 106 ).
  3. ↑ John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 339-340, 348
  4. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 172 Table 14 ( PDF ).
  5. ↑ a b c Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: Syria under Domitian and Hadrian: New diplomas for the auxiliary troops of the province In: Chiron , Volume 36 (2006), pp. 205–247, here pp. 226–229, 239, 241– 242: 244-246 ( online ).
  6. ↑ Peter Weiß , The auxiliaries of the Syrian army from Domitian to Antoninus Pius. An interim assessment based on the new military diplomas In: Chiron , Volume 36 (2006), pp. 249–298, here pp. 273–275.
  7. ↑ Rudolf Haensch , Peter Weiß: A difficult way. The road construction inscription by M. Valerius Lollianus from Byllis. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute. Roman department . Volume 118, 2012, pp. 435-454, here pp. 441-442, 448-449 ( online ).
  8. ^ Notitia dignitatum in partibus Orientis XXXIII ( online ).
  9. ↑ Margaret M. Roxan : Pre-Severan auxilia named in the Notitia Dignitatum In: British Archaeological Reports , Volume 15 (1976), pp. 59-80, here pp. 65, 73.
  10. ↑ Werner Eck, Andreas Pangerl: Two New Diplomas for the Province of Syria from the Domitian and Hadrian Periods In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (ZPE), Volume 183 (2012), pp. 234–240, here pp. 238–239 ( online ).
  11. ^ Paul Holder : Two fragmentary diplomas for Syria In: ZPE, Volume 190 (2014), pp. 291–296, here pp. 293–294 ( online ).