Cohors I Aelia Dacorum

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Building inscription from the east gate of Fort Birdoswald ( RIB 1914 )

The Cohors I Aelia Dacorum [milliaria] [Antoniniana] [Augusta] [Gordiana] [Postumiana] [Probiana] [Tetricianorum] ( German  1st cohort the Aelian of the Dacians [1000 men] [the Antoninian] [the Augustan] [the Gordian ] [the Postumian] [the Probian] [the Tetrician] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and the Notitia dignitatum . In some inscriptions it is referred to as Cohors I Dacorum , in the Notitia dignitatum as Cohors prima Aelia Dacorum .

Name components

  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...
  • Dacorum : the Dacian . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the Dacian people when the unit was established.
  • milliaria : 1000 men. Depending on whether it was a pure infantry cohort ( Cohors milliaria peditata ) or a mixed association of infantry and cavalry ( Cohors milliaria equitata ), the nominal strength of the unit was either 800 or 1040 men. The addition appears in the military diplomas from 127 to 130/131 and an inscription. In the military diplomas, the symbol is used instead of milliaria .
  • Antoniniana : the Antoninian. An honorific designation that refers to Caracalla (211-217) or Elagabal (218-222). The addition appears in an inscription.
  • Augusta : the Augustan tables. The addition appears in an inscription.
  • Gordiana : the Gordian. A title of honor that refers to Gordian III. (238-244) refers. The addition appears in an inscription.
  • Postumiana : the Postumian. An honorary title that refers to Postumus (260–269). The addition appears in two inscriptions.
  • Probiana : the probian. An honorary title that refers to Probus (276–280). The addition appears in an inscription.
  • Tetricianorum : the Tetrician. A title of honor that refers to Tetricus I (271-274). The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there is no reference to the addition of equitata (partially mounted) to the name , it can be assumed that it is a Cohors milliaria peditata , a pure infantry cohort. The nominal strength of the unit was 800 men, consisting of 10 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the province of Britannia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 119/121 to 158 AD.

There are different assumptions about the beginnings of the unit. The first evidence in Britain is based on a diploma dated 119/121. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Britannia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 127 to 158, prove unity in the same province. A vexillation from the cohort may have been delegated around 145/158 , as the unit is not referred to as milliaria in the diplomas for these years .

The unit is mentioned for the last time in the Notitia dignitatum with the designation Cohors prima Aelia Dacorum for the Amboglanna location. It was part of the troops under the command of the Dux Britanniarum under the direction of a tribune .

Locations

Cohort locations in Britannia may have been:

  • Banna (Birdoswald): numerous inscriptions have been found here. An inscription shows that the Cohors I Aelia Dacorum and the Cohors I Thracum jointly built a warehouse ( Horreum ) on the site under the direction of the Tribune Aurelius Julianus .

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

Others

See also

Web links

Commons : Cohors I Aelia Dacorum  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. a b There are both different views as to when the cohort was established (during the reign of Domitian , Trajan or Hadrian ) and what the reason for the award of the honorary title Aelia could have been (either as an award for a combat mission or when the unit was expanded from a Cohors quingenaria to a Cohors milliaria ).
  2. According to the RIB, the cohort may have wanted to express their loyalty to the emperor in general during an interregnum or during a civil war without referring specifically to any particular person.
  3. The term Amboglanna refers either to the Banna Fort or the Camboglanna Fort .
  4. The assignment to the unit is presumed, but is not certain.
  5. John Spaul assigns Aurelius to both the Cohors I Delmatarum and the Cohors I Dacorum . The reading of the EDCS is coh (ortis) I Da [lm (atarum?)] . According to RIB, both the addition of Dalmatarum and Dacorum are possible.

Individual evidence

  1. Inscriptions ( CIL 14, 2618 , RIB 991 , RIB 1289 , RIB 1365 , RIB 1906 , RIB 1918 )
  2. inscription with milliaria ( AE 1956, 123 )
  3. Inscription with Antoniniana ( RIB 1892 )
  4. inscription with Augusta ( RIB 1877 )
  5. Inscription with Gordiana ( RIB 1893 )
  6. Inscriptions with Postumiana ( RIB 1883 , RIB 1886 )
  7. Inscription with Probiana ( AE 1962, 263 )
  8. Inscription with Tetricianorum ( RIB 1885 )
  9. Military diplomas of the years 119/121 ( ZPE-162-226 ), 127 ( RMD 4, 240 , ZPE-162-225 ), 130/131 ( ZPE-156-246 ), 145 ( CIL 16, 93 ) and 158 ( RMD 5, 420 ).
  10. ^ A b c John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 339-340, 344-347.
  11. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 157 Table 1 ( PDF ).
  12. ^ Paul A. Holder : A Roman Military Diploma from Ravenglass, Cumbria. In: Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. Volume 79, number 1 (1997), pp. 3–42, here p. 14 ( PDF ).
  13. ^ A b Paul A. Holder: Auxiliary units entitled Aelia In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 122 (1998), pp. 253–263, here pp. 255–257 ( PDF ).
  14. ^ Notitia dignitatum in partibus Occidentis XL ( online ).
  15. Margaret M. Roxan : Pre-Severan auxilia named in the Notitia Dignitatum In: British Archaeological Reports , Volume 15 (1976), pp. 59-80, here p. 73.
  16. ^ Inscriptions from Banna ( AE 1962, 263 , AE 1977, 519 , RIB 1872 , RIB 1874 , RIB 1875 , RIB 1876 , RIB 1877 , RIB 1878 , RIB 1879 , RIB 1880 , RIB 1881 , RIB 1882 , RIB 1883 , RIB 1884 , RIB 1885 , RIB 1886 , RIB 1887 , RIB 1888 , RIB 1889 , RIB 1890 , RIB 1891 , RIB 1892 , RIB 1893 , RIB 1894 , RIB 1896 , RIB 1898 , RIB 1904 , RIB 1906 , RIB 1909 , RIB 1914 , RIB 1918 , RIB 1921 )
  17. inscription ( RIB 1909 )
  18. Inscription from Fanum Cocidi ( RIB 991 )