Cohors V Gallorum (Moesia)

The Cohors V Gallorum [Antoniniana] ( German 5th cohort of the Gauls [the Antoninian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions. The cohort is identical to the Cohors V Gallorum et Pannoniorum , which is listed in military diplomas from 126 to 161.

Name components

Gallorum : the Gaul . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the various tribes of the Gauls in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis when the unit was established .

Antoniniana : the Antoninian. An honorary title that refers to Caracalla (211-217). The addition appears in the inscription ( AE 1994, 1511 ).

(et) Pannoniorum or Pannonica : (and) the Pannonian or the Pannonian. In the diplomas from 126 to 158/159 and the diploma from 161, the unit is referred to as Cohors V Gallorum (et) Pannoniorum and Cohors V Gallorum Pannonica , respectively.

Since there is no evidence of the additions milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partially mounted), it can be assumed that it is a pure infantry cohort, a Cohors (quingenaria) peditata . The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Moesia and Dacia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 75 to 179.

The first evidence of unity in Moesia is based on a diploma dated 75. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 93 to 100, prove the unity in Moesia Superior .

At an unspecified point in time, the cohort was moved to Dacia , probably to take part in Trajan's Dacer Wars . The first evidence of unity in Dacia is based on a diploma dated 109. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas dated from 110 to 125/126 prove the unit in the same province (or from 119 in Dacia Superior ).

Then the unit was moved back to Moesia Superior . From 126 to 161 the cohort is proven by diplomas for Moesia Superior . At an unspecified point in time, the cohort was transferred again to Dacia Superior , where it is documented by a diploma in 179.

The last evidence of the cohort is based on the inscription ( AE 1994, 1511 ), which is dated to 211/217.

Locations

Cohort locations may have been:

Pojejena : The inscriptions ( AE 1963, 165 , AE 1972, 490 ) indicate the presence of the cohort in Pojejena. A brick with the stamp COH V GA was also found near Pojejena ( CIL 3, 12632 ).

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Q (uintus) Petro [nius] Novatus, a prefect ( AE 1972, 490 )

Q (uintus) Vibius Donatus, a prefect ( AE 1963, 165 ).

Others

Aurel (ius) Gaianus, a centurion ( AE 1994, 1511 )

P (ublius) Ael (ius) Diophantus, a veteran ( CIL 3, 14216.04 )

Other cohorts named Cohors V Gallorum

There was another cohort with this name, the Cohors V Gallorum (Britannia) . She is evidenced by diplomas from 84 to 158 and was stationed in the provinces of Pannonia and Britannia .

Remarks

↑ According to Barbara Pferdehirt , the name of the cohort is abbreviated in different ways in the military diplomas. Various additions are therefore possible; u. A. The name Cohors V Gallorum Pannonica is also conceivable, in analogy to Cohors II Gallorum Pannonica .
↑ The scenario given here follows the explanations of John Spaul and Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu. It assumes that the cohort occupied in Moesia is identical to the unit stationed in Dacia . The historian Constantin C. Petolescu suspects instead that these are two different entities.
↑ According to John Spaul it is also conceivable that the provincial borders were changed and that the unit was therefore only apparently relocated.

Individual evidence

↑ Barbara Pferdehirt : Roman military diplomas and dismissal certificates in the collection of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum. (= Catalogs of prehistoric antiquities 37), 2 volumes, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz 2004, ISBN 3-88467-086-7 Volume 1, p. 90.
^ ^A ^b John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , p 151-152, 170
^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 164, 169 tables 8, 11 ( PDF p. 166, 171 ).
↑ Military diplomas of the years 75 ( RMD 1, 2 ), 93 ( CIL 16, 39 ), 94 ( RMD 5, 335 ), 100 ( AE 2008, 1731 , CIL 16, 46 ), 109 ( RMD 3, 148 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 163 ), 119 ( RMD 5, 351 ), 124 ( ZPE-175-248 ), 125/126 ( RMD 5, 367 ), 126 ( ZPE-194-231 ), 132 ( RMD 4, 247 ) , 135 ( ZPE-203-227 ), 137 ( ZPE-194-236 ), 151 ( RMM 31 ), 157 ( AE 2008, 1747 , RMD 5, 418 , RMM 37 ), 158/159 ( RMD 5, 419 ) , 159 ( CIL 16, 111 ), 160 ( RMM 40 , ZPE-192-233 ), 161 ( RMD 1, 55 ) and 179 ( RMD 2, 123 ).
↑ ^a ^b Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here pp. 283-284 ( online ).

[NA-2] According to Barbara Pferdehirt , the name of the cohort is abbreviated in different ways in the military diplomas. Various additions are therefore possible; u. A. The name Cohors V Gallorum Pannonica is also conceivable, in analogy to Cohors II Gallorum Pannonica .

[GE1-6] The scenario given here follows the explanations of John Spaul and Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu. It assumes that the cohort occupied in Moesia is identical to the unit stationed in Dacia . The historian Constantin C. Petolescu suspects instead that these are two different entities.

[GE2-8] According to John Spaul it is also conceivable that the provincial borders were changed and that the unit was therefore only apparently relocated.

[bp-1] Barbara Pferdehirt : Roman military diplomas and dismissal certificates in the collection of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum. (= Catalogs of prehistoric antiquities 37), 2 volumes, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz 2004, ISBN 3-88467-086-7 Volume 1, p. 90.

[jsp-3] A ^b John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , p 151-152, 170

[js-4] Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 164, 169 tables 8, 11 ( PDF p. 166, 171 ).

[MD-5] Military diplomas of the years 75 ( RMD 1, 2 ), 93 ( CIL 16, 39 ), 94 ( RMD 5, 335 ), 100 ( AE 2008, 1731 , CIL 16, 46 ), 109 ( RMD 3, 148 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 163 ), 119 ( RMD 5, 351 ), 124 ( ZPE-175-248 ), 125/126 ( RMD 5, 367 ), 126 ( ZPE-194-231 ), 132 ( RMD 4, 247 ) , 135 ( ZPE-203-227 ), 137 ( ZPE-194-236 ), 151 ( RMM 31 ), 157 ( AE 2008, 1747 , RMD 5, 418 , RMM 37 ), 158/159 ( RMD 5, 419 ) , 159 ( CIL 16, 111 ), 160 ( RMM 40 , ZPE-192-233 ), 161 ( RMD 1, 55 ) and 179 ( RMD 2, 123 ).

[ot-7] Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here pp. 283-284 ( online ).