Constantine Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Constantine Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave

Constantine John Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave (born May 19, 1744 , † October 10, 1792 in Liège ) was a British explorer and politician .

Life

He was the eldest son of Constantine Phipps, 1st Baron Mulgrave , from his marriage to the Hon. Lepell Hervey, daughter of John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey .

Phipps first attended along with Joseph Banks , the Eton College , but left this early and went with his uncle, who later became Vice-Admiral Augustus Hervey, 3rd Earl of Bristol , at sea. In the Royal Navy he was promoted to lieutenant in 1762 and post-captain in 1765 . In 1766 he traveled to Newfoundland with Banks, who accompanied him as a naturalist .

On June 4, 1773, Phipps started a journey to the geographic North Pole . He had two ships, the Racehorse and the Carcass . His team also included the young Horatio Nelson . After Spitsbergen had happened, they were pushed back by the ice and decided after reaching 80 ° 48 ' north latitude for the trip home. During this trip Phipps was the first European to describe the polar bear and the ivory gull . He made meteorological and geological observations, tested Bouguer's patent log and tried to sound out the depths of the Arctic Ocean. In 1774 he published these studies in a travelogue.

From 1768 to 1790 Phipps was a member of the British House of Commons for various constituencies, with a few interruptions . In 1775 he inherited the title of Baron Mulgrave from his father , who belonged to the Peerage of Ireland and was associated with a seat in the Irish House of Lords . In 1790 Phipps was elevated to Baron Mulgrave in the Peerage of Great Britain because of his services , which also gave him a seat in the British House of Lords and left the British House of Commons. He left the public service in 1791 and died in Liège on October 10, 1792.

While the British title expired on his death because he had no male descendant, his brother Henry Phipps inherited the Irish barony.

The island of Phippsøya , one of the Sjuøyane ("Seven Islands") in the Svalbard Archipelago , is named after him today.

Fonts

Literature and web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ HH Houben: Der Ruf des Nordens , Wegweiser-Verlag, Berlin 1927, pp. 57-61
  2. ↑ Phippsøya . In: The Place Names of Svalbard (first edition 1942). Norsk Polarinstitutt , Oslo 2001, ISBN 82-90307-82-9 (English, Norwegian).
predecessor Office successor
Constantine Phipps Baron Mulgrave (Ireland)
1775-1792 		Henry Phipps
New title created Baron Mulgrave (Great Britain)
1790–1792 		Title expired
personal data
SURNAME Phipps, Constantine, 2nd Baron Mulgrave
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mulgrave, Constantine Phipps, 2nd Baron
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English explorer
DATE OF BIRTH May 19, 1744
DATE OF DEATH October 10, 1792
Place of death Liege