Coomassie brilliant blue

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Coomassie brilliant blue, often just referred to as Coomassie , are triphenylmethane dyes from the group of acid dyes that are used in biochemistry for staining proteins . They attach to the basic side chains of the amino acids and lead to a sequence-unspecific protein staining . These dyes were originally used in the textile industry.

Coomassie brilliant blue
Surname Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 Coomassie brilliant blue G-250
other names CI Acid Blue 83
Brilliant Blue R
C.I. 42660
xylene brilliant cyanine 		CI Acid Blue 90
Brilliant Blue G
C.I. 42655
 
Structural formula Acid Blue 83.svg Acid Blue 90.svg
CAS number 6104-59-2 6104-58-1
PubChem 61365 6324599
Molecular formula C 45 H 44 N 3 NaO 7 S 2 C 47 H 48 N 3 NaO 7 S 2
Molar mass 825.97 g mol −1 854.02 g mol −1
Physical state firmly
GHS
labeling
no GHS pictograms
no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases no H-phrases no H-phrases
no EUH phrases no EUH phrases
no P-phrases no P-phrases

Applications

Coomassie solution
Coomassie-stained proteins after SDS-PAGE

Typically, CI Acid Blue 83 (Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 ) is used e.g. B. used to color separated proteins in a polyacrylamide gel . It is also used in 2D gel electrophoresis to visualize the separated protein points.

CI Acid Blue 90 (Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 ) is also used to quantify the protein content of aqueous solutions using the Bradford method .

In addition to methylene blue , Coomassie brilliant blue was and is also used for the permanent coloring of meat and slaughterhouse waste that are not suitable for human consumption.

The detection limit for CI Acid Blue 83 is approximately 0.1 µg protein per band in a gel, for CI Acid Blue 90 it is approximately 0.5 µg. With CI Acid Blue 90, however, proteins can be stained much faster. Special formulations as colloidal solutions improve the detection limit of CI Acid Blue 90 to approx. 5 ng protein per band.

CI Acid Blue 90 is also used for eye operations. Due to the reduced toxicity compared to the previously used dyes ( indocyanine green or trypan blue ), triphenylmethane dyes such as CI Acid Blue 90, Patent Blue V or CI Acid Violet 17 are used to color naturally existing or pathologically altered structures ( gliosis ) in the eye. With the help of these dyes, the transparent structures of the retina , cornea or the lens capsule can be specifically colored and, if necessary, surgically removed. The technical term chromovitectomy has become established for the technique of staining tissue on the retina .

Surname

The name of the Coomassie brilliant blue, originally developed as a wool dye, comes from the African city of Kumasi in Ghana . He was elected to commemorate the British occupation of the then Ashanti capital Coomassie - now Kumasi - in 1896. Coomassie was originally a registered trademark of Imperial Chemical Industries .

The addition “R” in the name Coomassie Brillant Blau R-250 is an abbreviation of the English term “reddish”, in German roughly “reddish”. The addition “G” in the name Coomassie Brillant Blau G-250 is an abbreviation for “greenish”, in German for greenish. The number 250 in the name refers to the color strength with which the original manufacturer, Imperial Chemical Industries , quantitatively described the coloring power.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry on Coomassie® Brilliant Blue. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on July 11, 2019.
  2. ↑ Data sheet Coomassie® Brillantblau R 250 (CI 42660) (PDF) from Merck , accessed on September 13, 2011.
  3. ↑ Data sheet Coomassie® Brillantblau G 250 (CI 42655) (PDF) from Merck , accessed on September 14, 2011.
  4. ↑ D. Kang et al. (2002): Highly Sensitive and Fast Protein Detection with Coomassie Brilliant Blue in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. In: Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. Vol. 23, No. 11, pp. 1511-1512. doi : 10.5012 / bkcs.2002.23.11.1511 .
  5. ↑ S. Balaiya, VS Brar, RK Murthy, KV Chalam: Comparative in vitro safety analysis of dyes for chromovitrectomy: indocyanine green, brilliant blue green, bromophenol blue, and infracyanine green. In: Retina 31 (6): 1128-36 (2011). PMID 21394068 .
  6. ↑ EB Rodrigues, M. Maia, CH Meyer, EM Penha, E. Dib, ME Farah: Vital dyes for chromovitrectomy. In: Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 18 (3): 179-87 (2007). PMID 17435423 .
  7. ↑ A. Iriyama, K. Kadonosono, Y. Tamaki, Y. Yanagi: Effect of Brilliant Blue G on the retinal ganglion cells of rats. In: Retina 32 (3): 613-6 (2012). PMID 22392093 .
  8. ↑ YS Chang, SY Tseng, SH Tseng, YT Chen, JH Hsiao: Comparison of dyes for cataract surgery. Part 1: cytotoxicity to corneal endothelial cells in a rabbit model. In: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery . 31 (4): 792-8 (2005). PMID 15899458 .
  9. ↑ S. Thaler, J. Hofmann, KU Bartz-Schmidt, F. Schuettauf, C. Haritoglou, E. Yoeruek: Methyl blue and aniline blue versus patent blue and trypan blue as vital dyes in cataract surgery: capsule staining properties and cytotoxicity to human cultured corneal endothelial cells. In: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. 37 (6): 1147-53 (2011). PMID 21596258 .

See also

Web links

Commons : Coomassie Brilliant Blue  - Collection of images, videos and audio files