Coronavirus vaccine

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A coronavirus vaccine (also coronavirus vaccine , CoV vaccine ) is a vaccine against coronaviruses . The aim is to use the vaccine to generate an adaptive immune response in the vaccinated person that protects against a coronavirus infection or an infection itself.

Currently (as of May 2020) there are only experimental coronavirus vaccines for humans, which means that no drug approval has yet been given for human coronavirus vaccines .

properties

Vaccines are the most effective preventive measures against infectious diseases. Coronavirus vaccines include vaccines against HCoV-HKU1 , HCoV-NL63 , HCoV-OC43 , HCoV-229E , SARS-CoV , MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 . There are several available vaccines for animals against coronaviruses, such as avian coronavirus (in birds), canine coronavirus (in dogs) and feline coronavirus (in cats). For the human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, there are experimental vaccines that have been tested in animal experiments . Up to 2019, a total of four vaccines against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV had been tested in humans with completed clinical studies . All four vaccines were safe and immunogenic . Six other vaccines were in clinical trials in 2019. So far, none has been approved for human use. The reasons for this at MERS-CoV are the lack of inexpensive animal models , the sporadic and local occurrence of the virus and the resulting lack of willingness to invest. No new infections occurred with SARS-CoV after 2004. In addition, RNA vaccines are being developed that consist of part of the virus, the messenger RNA (mRNA), a section of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) belonging to a gene. This protects the immune system of the vaccinated person from the natural pathogen in the event of an actual infection.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

According to an assessment by the World Health Organization (WHO) from February 2020, no SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (synonymous with COVID-19 vaccine) will be available before August 2021. A group of vaccine developers coordinated by the WHO asked the public in an open letter to abide by the measures to limit the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in order to gain time for vaccine development.

RNA vaccines

This vaccine is based on a mechanism of action based on ribonucleic acid (RNA). The RNA (mostly a messenger RNA , mRNA) codes for a protein that is produced in a cell by translation and acts as an antigen . These RNA vaccines are not made up of tiny virus particles like other vaccines, but rather a part of the virus called mRNA. This is used to convert the genetic information on the DNA into proteins. If the mRNA-modified cells temporarily present the fragments of the virus to be combated , the immune defense of the vaccinated person learns to protect against the natural pathogen in the event of an actual infection.

Individual evidence

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