Couvent des Cordelières (Paris)

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Coordinates: 48 ° 50 ′ 5 ″  N , 2 ° 20 ′ 49 ″  E The Couvent des Cordelières , also Couvent des Cordelières de l'église de Sainte-Claire l'Ourcine, lez Saint Marcel de Paris (16th century) or Cordelières de l'esglise Sainte-Claire de l'Oursine-lez-Saint-Marcel près Paris , was a convent foundedin 1289 in what was then a suburb of Paris . The name "Cordelières" (cord bearers) is derived from the cord with which the Poor Clares, formerly known in France as filles de Sainte-Claire , tied their robes together.

The monastery was in the Bourg Saint-Marcel (Bourg Saint-Marceau) named after Saint Marcellus of Paris , later Faubourg Saint-Marcel , in the area of Bièvre on the site of the later hospital "Hôpital Broca" (111 rue Léon-Maurice -Nordmann, 13th arrdt . ). It served Margaret of Provence , the widow of Louis the Saint and her daughter Blanche , the widow of the Infante of Castile Ferdinand de la Cerda , who died in 1275 , and later Isabella of Valois, the sister of Philip VI. as a widow's seat. The monastery church of Sainte Claire de l'Oursine (or Lourcine) was dedicated to St. Clare of Assisi .

Paris and the city wall of Philippe Augustes in 1223. At the
bottom right, outside the city, you can see the church and the market town of Saint-Marcel, also called Butte Saint-Marcel here.
Map showing the location of the market town of Bourg Saint-Marcel and the Couvent des Cordelières in the 13th century, compared to today's road network

history

The order of the Poor Clares was founded in 1212 with the help of St. Francis of Assisi (around 1181 / 1182–1226) by Clare of Assisi (1194–1253) in the place of the same name in Umbria ( Italy ) and followed the formulated by the order's donor Order rule. It spread quickly in Italy and Spain, but also in France, where, for example, the blessed Isabella , a sister of King Louis IX. des saints , founded the Poor Clare Abbey of Longchamp near Paris in 1255 .

In 1270 , the year Louis IX died. and the accession to the throne of Philip III. The late king's son-in-law, Theobald II , King of Navarre and Count of Champagne (as Théobald V), consort of Isabella of France, founded a Poor Clare monastery at the gates of Troyes .

The patron of the monastery community died that same year, and his widow Isabella a year later. Almost twenty years later - in the meantime, in 1285, Philip IV the Fair was on Philip III. followed - the Cordelières came into possession of three houses through a foundation in a market town at the gates of Paris, the Bourg Saint-Marcel, where they moved their monastery in 1289 . Both Isabella's younger sister, Blanche of France, and her mother, Margaret of Provence, seem to have played an important role. The latter had completely withdrawn from the court since her grandson Philip IV ascended the throne and from 1290 owned a manor (mansion) in the immediate vicinity of the monastery.

Both are cited in various texts as the founders of the Couvent des Cordelières in Bourg Saint-Marcel. They both chose the monastery as their widow's residence, and they both died there. Margaret of Provence († 1295) was buried in Saint Denis in the tomb of the kings of France next to her husband, who was to be canonized two years later. Blanche († June 17, 1320) found her final resting place in the monastery church of Sainte Claire de l'Oursine (or Lourcine). Isabella von Valois (1313? –1383), widowed half-sister of Philip VI in 1356, also withdrew later . returned to this monastery, where she died and was buried on July 28, 1383.

In 1693, Louis XIII. Authorization to set up a branch called "Couvent des Petites-Cordelières", first located in rue Payenne in the Marais district and later in rue de Grenelle.

The monastery was closed in 1790. Six years later the gardens were parceled out and streets crisscrossed. The abandoned buildings served from 1825 to 1833 under the name "maison de refuge et de travail" as a reception camp for beggars, then as a hospice for sexually ill women and as an orphanage for children who lost their parents in the great cholera epidemic (1832) had. At times, a factory and various craft workshops were housed in it until the building was finally designated as the Hôpital de Lourcine as a hospital in 1863. From 1892 this was named after the French doctor, anatomist and anthropologist Paul Broca and was demolished in 1973. The relic of a wall of the monastery still stands on the site.

See also: Cordeliers' convent , Longchamp Abbey

Abbesses

  • Gilles de Sens aux Palecteaux, first abbess
  • Eudeline (1330), daughter of King Louis X.
  • Jeanne Culdoë (1351 and 1372)
  • Marie de Hangest (1360 and 1376)
  • Jeanne de Croy († 1512), daughter of Antoine I. de Croÿ , Count of Beaumont, Porcéan and Guînes († 1475) ( House of Croy )
  • Philippine d'Angennes de Rambouillet (1564)
  • Madeleine Le Rebours (1635)
  • Jacqueline Crespin (1659)
  • Marie-Anne Gayardon (1741)

Funerals

The following were buried in the monastery church:

annotation

The abbaye de Saint Marcel mentioned in various writings is undoubtedly identical to the Clariss convent in the Bourg Saint-Marcel. When this monastery was elevated to an abbey, it could not be clearly established.

In Paris and its surroundings neither another monastery, is another abbey including the name or the suffix Saint-Marcel are to be determined, but only the collegiate Saint-Marcel of the same name, for at least 811 in Bourg Saint-Marcel settled pen chapter and the Church St. Marcel in Saint Denis .

The interpretation of the abbaye de Saint-Marcel in the sense of any (any other) abbey in the Bourg or Faubourg Saint-Marcel does not lead to any goal for the period of the Middle Ages. Neither Hercule Géraud's detailed analysis of the tax role of 1292, nor the history of the diocese of Paris written by Jean Lebeuf before the revolution under the title Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris, nor other sources consulted contain references to another medieval monastery than that of the Cordelières de Saint-Marcel . Alfred Fierro's Histoire et Dictionnaire de Paris is an exception . Only the author of this work mentions an allegedly existing abbaye de Saint-Marcel (Abbey in Saint-Marcel), which supposedly existed long before the Poor Clare monastery (1289) was founded. According to Fierro, the damage caused by the devastation of the Normans in the 9th century to the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés and the abbey in Bourg Saint-Marcel he mentioned had not yet been repaired around the year 1000 and the latter monastery complex had not yet been repaired only thanks to the support of King Henry I , whose reign falls from 1031 to 1060, can be re-established. Based on the above, it can be assumed that Fierro most likely misinterpreted the word chapitre (chapter) and confused the collegiate chapter of the collegiate Saint-Marcel with a monastery chapter. This is all the more plausible as Fierro then only refers to the Cordelières monastery as abbaye de Saint-Marcel and no longer reports on any other medieval monastery in the Bourg Saint-Marcel.

It was not until the 17th century that two more convents for women emerged in the vicinity, namely the Augustinian convent "Couvent des religieuses hospitalières de la Miséricorde de Jésus" (1655), on the edge of the street leading from Paris to Faubourg Saint-Marcel (rue Mouffetard), It should be noted that this section of road previously belonged to the Bourg Saint-Médard , and the Benedictine monastery "Couvent des filles anglaises" (1677) in the southern area of ​​the former rue de Lourcine.

literature

The works are arranged in the order of the year of publication.

  • Abbé Lebeuf (Jean Lebeuf): Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris , 1757 Paris
  • Jacques-Antoine Dulaure: Histoire physique, civile et morale de Paris, depuis les premiers temps , 1821–1822, edition P.-H. Crab, 1854 Paris
  • Hercule Géraud: Paris sous Philippe-le-Bel, d'après des documents originaux, et notamment d'après un manuscrit contenant le rôle de la taille imposée sur les habitants de Paris en 1292 , Crapelet, 1837 Paris
  • Jacques Hillairet: Dictionnaire Historique des rues de Paris. Paris 1963, Editions de Minuit, ISBN 2-7073-0092-6
  • Marcel Lecoq: "Les Cordelières de Lourcine au faubourg Saint-Marcel lez Paris", Paris 1969, Editions Municipales
  • Jean-Pierre Willesme: “Les cordelières de la rue de Lourcine des origines à l'implantation du nouvel hôpital Broca” in “Paris et Île-de-France - Mémoires”, Tome 43, Paris 1992, Fédération des sociétés archéologiques et historiques de Paris et de l'Île de France
  • Christine Bouyer: Dictionnaire des Reines de France. Paris 1992, Perrin, ISBN 2-262-00789-6

Footnotes

  1. ↑ See Dulaure, p. 99
  2. ↑ See Hillairet, Vol. 2, p. 36
  3. ↑ In addition to Jacques-Antoine Dulaures Histoire physique, civile et morale de Paris (1837), Henri Léonard Bordiers Les églises et monastères de Paris (1856) and Théophile Lavallées Histoire de Paris, depuis le temps des Gaulois jusqu'à nos jours (1857) )
  4. ↑ See Fierro, pp. 22/23