Cuatresia
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| Cuatresia | ||||||||||||
| Hunz. |
Cuatresia is a plant genus of the family of nightshade family (Solanaceae). The approximately 14 species are native to Central and South America. The generic name honors the (Spanish) American pharmacist and botanist José Cuatrecasas Arumi (1903-1996).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Cuatresia species are shrubs or small trees that are usually 1 to 4, rarely 0.5 to 6 m high. They can be hairless or hairy, sometimes the hairs can only be found in the calyxes . The trichomes are simple, multicellular and occasionally long or very short, strong and hook-shaped. The trunks lignify only slightly, the pith is not stable.
The leaves come in two shapes, they are in pairs of one leaf of each shape. The larger form becomes 6 to 25 (rarely up to 33) cm long and 2.5 to 11.5 cm wide. The leaf blades are elliptical or elongated elliptical, sometimes somewhat sickle-shaped. To the front they are pointed or prickly. The base is oblique or wedge-shaped. The leaf stalks are 2.5 to 10 (rarely 20) cm long or are hardly developed. The smaller shape of the leaves is much smaller, they are 0.9 to 3 cm long and 0.65 to 1.4 cm wide; sometimes they are barely noticeable. The leaf blades here are almost round, slightly elongated, elliptical or elongated-elliptical, towards the front they are pointed or somewhat blunt. They are mounted or nearly mounted.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowers stand in pairs to seven in inflorescences emerging from the armpits . The inflorescence stalk may not be developed or only weakly developed, or it may form an up to 25 cm long and slender inflorescence axis. The calyx is membranous or leathery, cup-shaped or urn-shaped and is usually 5 to 9 (rarely 1.3 to 11) mm long. The hairiness of the calyx varies between hairless and hairy to thickly tomentose. The edge is almost entire at flowering, while the fruit is ripe it can be slightly or clearly five-angled, five-pointed, five-toothed or five-lobed and is separated by the growing fruit. The crown is 10 to 15 (rarely only 6) mm long, greenish or yellowish or, in exceptional cases, colored by anthocyanins . Mostly it is bell-shaped or funnel-shaped, in exceptional cases it can also be urn-shaped. The coronet is five-lobed or five-part, the segments are triangular, elongated or wider than long. They can be shorter or longer than the corolla tube. The crown is usually hairless or has only a few trichomes at the level of the attachment points of the stamens .
The stamens are of the same length, can be hairy or hairless and are usually a little longer than the anthers. These are fixed ventrally (on the underside) and 2.5 to 3.5 (rarely 1.7 to 4.3) mm long. The scar is briefly saddle-shaped.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are narrow, pear-shaped or indented, spherical, juicy berries that reach 10 to 15 (rarely only 7) mm in diameter. They contain a wide variety of seeds . These are kidney-shaped or disc-shaped, flat and 2.3 to 2.7 mm long. They contain a large amount of endosperm and a strongly curved embryo whose cotyledons are shorter than the rest of the embryo.
Distribution and locations
The distribution area of the genus extends from Guatemala to eastern Bolivia . The locations are either in moist forests of the lowlands or in mountain forests up to heights of 2400 m. The center of diversity is in Colombia .
Systematics
About 14 species are distinguished within the genus, another species has not yet been validly described:
- Cuatresia amistadensis D.A. Soto & AKMonro
- Cuatresia colombiana Hunz.
- Cuatresia cuspidata (Dunal) Hunz.
- Cuatresia exiguiflora (D'Arcy) Hunz.
- Cuatresia foreroi Hunz.
- Cuatresia fosteriana Hunz.
- Cuatresia garciae Hunz.
- Cuatresia glomeruflorula Canal & CIOrozco : It was first described in 2010 from Colombia and Ecuador.
- Cuatresia harlingiana Hunz.
- Cuatresia hunzikeriana (Benítez & M.Martínez) NWSawyer
- Cuatresia plowmanii Hunz.
- Cuatresia riparia (Kunth) Hunz.
- Cuatresia trianae Hunz.
The type species is Cuatresia plowmanii .
proof
literature
- Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. ARG Gantner Verlag KG, Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001. ISBN 3-904144-77-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ↑ a b Dubán Canal and Clara Inés Orozco: Cuatresia glomeruflorula (Physaleae, Solanaceae): nueva especie de los Andes y Amazonas (PDF; 174 kB) . In: Kurtziana . Volume 35, Number 2, 2010. pp. 7-13.