Culli
Culli , also Culle , Kulyi , Ilinga or Linga was an indigenous language that was spoken in the Andes of northern Peru in the whole region of La Libertad , in the south of Cajamarca ( province of Cajabamba ) and in the north of Ancash ( province of Pallasca ) and beginning of the 20th century died out.
history
The most important cultural center of the Culli-speaking region at the time of the Conquista was Huamachuco , where the creator deity Ataguju and the thunder god Catequil were worshiped under the rule of the Inca . The language name Culli is first attested in 1638. The language is attested by a few small word lists, the longest of which was contributed by Bishop Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón at the end of the 18th century. In its earlier geographical area of distribution, the Culli is occupied by numerous mostly two-part place names. In addition, regionally borrowed words and phrases from Spanish and Cajamarca-Quechua , which are still in use in the region, provide further information about the language.
vocabulary
Similar to the Quechua and Aymara , the Culli possibly had a 3-vowel system, with o and e as allophones of u and i probably occurring next to a voiceless uvular plosive , which could have been represented by the Martínez Compañón with a "č". A number of compounds are known through place names, among other things . As in other Andean languages (and also in German) the determinatum is behind the determinans . The Czechoslovak linguist Čestmír Loukotka drew mainly from the vocabulary of Martínez Compañón:
- ahhi - woman
- coñ - water
- čollapù - Tog
- challua - fish (probably from Quechua challwa )
- chu - head
- chuko - earth, ground
- chukuáll - heart
- gorán - river
- kankiù - to laugh
- keda - lake
- kinù - father
- koñ, goñ - water
- kumú - drink
- mú - fire
- múñ - moon
- tay - mountain
- urú - tree
- usú - man
classification
According to previous knowledge, Culli has no close relationship with any living or other adequately documented language.
literature
- Willem FH Adelaar (2004): The Languages of the Andes . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 401-405. ISBN 0-521-36275-X .
- Čestmír Loukotka (1968). Classification of South American Indian Languages . UCLA Latin American Center, Los Angeles, pp. 63-65.
- Willem FH Adelaar (1989): En pos de la lengua culle . In: R. Cerrón-Palomino, G. Solís Fonseca (eds.): Temas de lingüística amerindia. Primer Congreso Nacional de Investigaciones Lingüístico-Filológicas, pp. 83-105. CONCYTEC, Lima.
- Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón (1782–1790): Plan that contiene 43 vozes Castellanas traducidas a las ocho lenguas que hablan los Indios de la Costa, Sierras, y Montañas del Obispado de Trujillo del Perú . In: Trujillo del Perú en el siglo XVIII , vol. I-II. Ediciones Cultura Hispánica, Madrid 1920–1921.
- Paul Rivet (1949): Les langues de l'ancien diocèse de Trujillo . JSAP 38, pp. 1-51.
- F. Silva Santisteban (1982): La lengua culle de Cajamarca y Huamachuco . Cantuta 9, pp. 138-148. Universidad Nacional de Educación, Lima.
- Gustavo Solís Fonseca (1986): La lengua culli revisitada . Ponencia al Séptimo Congreso Peruano del Hombre y la Cultura Andina. Universidad Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Huaraz.
- Alfredo Torero (1986): Deslindes lingüísticos en la costa norte peruana . Revista Andina 4/2: 523-545. Cusco.
- Manuel Flores Reyna (1996): Tras las huellas de una lengua perdida. La lengua culle de la sierra norte del Perú . First Encounter of Peruvianists (Universidad de Lima, September 1996).
- Manuel Flores Reyna (2000): Recopilación léxica preliminar de la lengua culle . Tipshe 1, pp. 173-197.
- Manuel Flores Reyna (2001): Estudio comparativo del léxico culle en el castellano de las provincias Santiago de Chuco (La Libertad) y Pallasca (Ancash) . Verbum 2, pp. 27-41.
- Rodolfo Cerrón Palomino (2005): La supervivencia de un sufijo culli en el castellano regional peruano . In: Filología y Lingüística. Estudios ofrecidos a Antonio Quilis. Vol. 1. SCIC Press, Madrid 2005. pp. 963-976.