Ampelopsis

Ampelopsis
	Monkshood vines ( Ampelopsis aconitifolia )
Systematics
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
Order :	Grapevine-like (vitales)
Family :	Grapevines (Vitaceae)
Genre :	Ampelopsis
Scientific name
	Ampelopsis
	Michx.

Ampelopsis is a genus of plants within the grapevine family(Vitaceae). Since 2014 only about 18 species thrive in temperate to tropical areas from North America to Mexico and in Asia. They are also known as dummy vines .

description

Illustration of Ampelopsis glandulosa

Monkshood vines ( Ampelopsis aconitifolia )

Habitus of Ampelopsis glandulosa var. Brevipedunculata

Foliage leaves and fruits of Ampelopsis glandulosa var. Brevipedunculata

Foliage leaves and fruits of Ampelopsis japonica

Vegetative characteristics

Ampelopsis species are woody plants that grow as lianas . The tendrils are always two-armed without adhesive discs.

The alternately arranged leaves are divided into petioles and leaf blades. The leaf blade is composed of simple or fingered, depending on the species.

Generative characteristics

In the Ampelopsis species, the flowers are usually hermaphrodite or the species is polygamous-monoecious. The inflorescence facing the leaves is an umbrella-shaped cyme that can sometimes be clogged.

The flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The cup is plate-shaped and indistinctly wavy. The five petals are free. The nectar disc is fused with the base of the ovary, but in the upper area; it is cup-shaped and somewhat lobed. There is only the inner circle with five fertile stamens . The clearly recognizable, cylindrical, elongated stylus end in an indistinctly widened scar.

When ripe, the pink-purple, purple, blue, almost black, orange or yellow berries are spherical and contain one to four seeds.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 10.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Ampelopsis was set up in 1803 by André Michaux in Flora Boreali-Americana (Michaux) , 1, pages 159-160. The genus name Ampelopsis is derived from the Greek words ampelos for grape and - opsis for similar. The type species is Ampelopsis cordata Michx.

The genus Ampelopsis belongs since 2018 to the tribe Ampelopsideae J.Wen & ZLNie in the subfamily Vitoideae within the family Vitaceae . Ampelopsis is the type genus of the tribe Ampelopsideae.

The genus Nekemias Raf. was spun off from Ampelopsis . The nine or so Nekemias species are distributed in North America on the Caribbean islands and in East and Southeast Asia.

The 18 or so species are distributed from North America (three species) to Mexico and Asia. They come from temperate to tropical areas.

The genus Ampelopsis only contains about 18 species (selection):

Ampelopsis acerifolia W.T.Wang : It thrives at altitudes above 500 meters in Sichuan .
Sturmhutblättrige Scheinrebe ( Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bunge , Syn .: Ampelopsis aconitifolia var. Glabra Diels & Gilg, Ampelopsis aconitifolia var. Palmiloba (Carrière) Rehder): There is no more subtaxa. It thrives in bushland, valleys and grasslands at altitudes of 200 to 2200 meters in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Hebei , Heilongjiang , Henan , Jilin , Liaoning , Ningxia , Shaanxi , Shandong , Shanxi and Sichuan.
Ampelopsis acutidentata W.T.Wang : It thrives at altitudes of 2000 to 3200 meters in Tibet and in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan .
Ampelopsis bodinieri (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Rehder : There are two varieties:
- Ampelopsis bodinieri (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Rehder var. Bodinieri : It thrives at altitudes of 200 to 3000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong , Guangxi , Guizhou , Hainan , Henan , Hubei , Hunan , Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan .
- Ampelopsis bodinieri var. Cinerea (Gagnep.) Rehder : It thrives at altitudes of around 1300 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hunan , Shaanxi and Sichuan.
Ampelopsis cordata Michx. : It is widespread in the USA.
Ampelopsis delavayana Planch. ex franch. : There are four varieties:
- Ampelopsis delavayana Planch. ex franch. var. delavayana : It thrives at altitudes of 100 to 2200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Chongqing , Fujian , Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Ampelopsis delavayana var. Glabra (Diels & Gilg) CLLI : It grows at altitudes of 300 to 800 meters in Inner Mongolia and the Chinese provinces of Hebei , Henan , Hubei , Jiangsu , Jilin , Liaoning and Shandong .
- Ampelopsis delavayana var. Setulosa (Diels & Gilg) CLLi : It thrives at altitudes of 500 to 2200 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan.
- Ampelopsis delavayana var. Tomentella (Diels & Gilg) CLLi : It thrives at altitudes of 700 to 2700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hubei and Sichuan.
Ampelopsis denudata Planch. : It occurs in the Mexican states of Sinaloa , Sonora , Chiapas , Guerrero , México , Michoacán de Ocampo , Nayarit and Oaxaca and in Guatemala in Retalhuleu .
Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. : According to the Flora of North America 2016 there is no subtaxa. There are five varietiesin the Flora of China 2007:
- Ussuri pseudo-vine ( Ampelopsis glandulosa var. Brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Momiy. ): It thrives at altitudes of 100 to 600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin and Liaoning .
- Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiy. var. glandulosa : It is common in China, Taiwan , India , Myanmar and Nepal .
- Ampelopsis glandulosa var. Hancei (Planch.) Momiy. : It is common in China, Taiwan, Japan and the Philippines .
- Ampelopsis glandulosa var. Heterophylla (Thunb.) Momiy. : It is common in China and Japan.
- Ampelopsis glandulosa var. Kulingensis (Rehder) Momiy. : It thrives at altitudes of 300 to 1600 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Zhejiang.
Ampelopsis humulifolia Bunge : It occurs in Inner Mongolia and in the Chinese provinces of Hebei , Henan , Liaoning , Qinghai , Shaanxi , Shandong and Shanxi .
Japanese false vine ( Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Makino ): It is widespread in China and is cultivated in Japan.
Ampelopsis mollifolia W.T.Wang : It thrives at altitudes of around 1300 meters in Sichuan.
Ampelopsis orientalis (Lam.) Planch. : It occurs in Turkey and Syria .
Ampelopsis tomentosa planch. ex franch. : The two varieties occur in Yunnan:
- Ampelopsis tomentosa var. Glabrescens C.L.Li
- Ampelopsis tomentosa planch. ex franch. var. tomentosa
Ampelopsis vitifolia Planch. : It occurs in Tajikistan , Afghanistan , Iran , northern Pakistan as well as in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh and perhaps Jammu and Kashmir.

In 2014 nine species of the genus Ampelopsis were reactivated to the genus Nekemias Raf. posed:

Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne : It occurs from the east-central to the east of the USA. → Nekemias arborea (L.) J.Wen & Boggan
Ampelopsis cantoniensis (Hook. & Arn.) K.Koch : It occurs in Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, in China and in India and Laos. → Nekemias cantoniensis (Hook. & Arn.) J.Wen & ZLNie .
Ampelopsis celebica Suess. : This endemic occurs only in Sulawesi. → Nekemias celebica (Suess.) J.Wen & Boggan
Ampelopsis chaffanjonii (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Rehder : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Chongqing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan. → Nekemias chaffanjonii (H.Lev. & Vaniot) J.Wen & ZLNie
Ampelopsis gongshanensis C.L.Li : It occurs in Yunnan. → Nekemias gongshanensis (CLLi) J.Wen & ZLNie
Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) WTWang : It occurs in Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and Yunnan. → Nekemias grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) J.Wen & ZLNie
Ampelopsis hypoglauca (Hance) CLLi : It occurs in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. → Nekemias hypoglauca (Hance) J.Wen & ZLNie
Giant-leaved false vine ( Ampelopsis megalophylla (Veitch) Diels & Gilg ) → Nekemias megalophylla (Diels & Gilg) J.Wen & ZLNie
Ampelopsis rubifolia Planch. : It occurs in India and in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Yunnan. → Nekemias rubifolia (Wall.) J.Wen & ZLNie

By Raman et al. In 2016, the chloroplast genome of Ampelopsis (the test material was derived from Ampelopsis glandulosa var. Brevipedunculata ) was sequenced and characterized for the first time . It was confirmed that at the base of the angiosperms within the rosids the Vitaceae, i.e. the Vitales, represent a sister group of the Saxifragales .

swell

literature

Michael O. Moore, Jun Wen: Vitaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Editor): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 12: Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae , Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis and Harvard University Herbaria, New York and Oxford, Cambridge, 2016, ISBN 978-0-19-064372-0 . Ampelopsis , pp. 3−23 - online with the same text as the printed work . (Genus in the narrower sense - sections description and systematics)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Michael O. Moore, Jun Wen: Vitaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Editor): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 12: Magnoliophyta: Vitaceae to Garryaceae , Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis and Harvard University Herbaria, New York and Oxford, Cambridge, 2016, ISBN 978-0-19-064372-0 . Ampelopsis , pp. 3−23 - online with the same text as the printed work . (Genus in the narrower sense)
^ Walter Erhardt et al .: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
↑ ^a ^b Ampelopsis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed January 23, 2020.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ampelopsis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Jun Wen, Li ‐ Min Lu, Ze ‐ Long Nie, Xiu ‐ Qun Liu, Ning Zhang, Stefanie Ickert ‐ Bond, Jean Gerrath, Steven R. Manchester, John Boggan, Zhi ‐ Duan Chen: A new phylogenetic tribal classification of the grape family (Vitaceae). In: Journal of Systematicsand Evolution , Volume 56, 2018, pp. 262–272. doi : 10.1111 / jse.12427
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Jun Wen, John Boggan, Ze-Long Nie: Synopsis of Nekemias Raf., A segregate genus from Ampelopsis Michx. (Vitaceae) disjunct between eastern / southeastern Asia and eastern North America, with ten new combinations. In: PhytoKeys , Volume 42, 2014, pp. 11-19. doi : 10.3897 / phytokeys.42.7704
↑ Jun Wen, Li ‐ Min Lu, Ze ‐ Long Nie, Steven R. Manchester, Stefanie Ickert-Bond, Zhi-Duan Chen: Phylogenetics and a revised classification of Vitaceae. Presented at Botany 2015, Edmonton, Alberta. on-line.
↑ Akiko Soejima, Jun Wen: Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae) based on three chloroplast markers. In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 93, Issue 2, 2006, pp. 278-287. doi : 10.3732 / ajb.93.2.278 full text online.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac Zhiduan Chen, Jun Wen: In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Editors): Flora of China , Volume 12 - Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, November 19, 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 . Ampelopsis Michaux. Pp. 178-183 - online with the same text as the printed work . (Genus in the broader sense)
^ ^A ^b ^c Nekemias in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
↑ Gurusamy Raman, SeonJoo Park: The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Ampelopsis: Gene Organization, Comparative Analysis, and Phylogenetic Relationships to Other Angiosperms. In: Frontiers in Plant Science , March 2016. doi : 10.3389 / fpls.2016.00341

Web links

Commons : Ampelopsis - collection of images, videos and audio files

E. Nasir, SI Ali (Editor): Ampelopsis at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Ampelopsis at Tropicos.org. In: Flora Mesoamericana . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Bloom in detail with a description of the picture from the University of Hohenheim.