Cyanuric triazide

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Structural formula
Structure of cyanuric triazide
General
Surname Cyanuric triazide
other names
  • 2,4,6-triazido-s-triazine
  • 2,4,6-triazido-1,3,5-triazine
  • DID
Molecular formula C 3 N 12
Brief description

white crystals

External identifiers / databases
CAS number 5637-83-2
PubChem 21857
ChemSpider 20543
Wikidata Q1147038
properties
Molar mass 204.1 g mol −1
Physical state

firmly

density

1.15 g cm −3

Melting point

94 ° C

Vapor pressure

0.25 Pa (25 ° C)

safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling
no classification available
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Cyanurtriazide is a thermally unstable carbon-nitrogen compound with a nitrogen content of 82.35%. According to its heterocyclic basic structure, it belongs to the group of 1,3,5-triazines , also to the organic azides .

history

A first, supposed representation, was described by Finger as early as 1907. However, this production could not be confirmed. The preparation of cyanuric chloride and sodium azide described by Ott in 1921 , which was also protected in several patents, is regarded as the first safe production .

Presentation and extraction

The synthesis of cyanuric triazide, which is still used today, is the conversion of cyanuric chloride in an aqueous sodium azide solution.

Cyanurtriazide Synthesis V.2.svg

Another proposed synthesis variant by reacting cyanuric trihydrazide with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid solution is less successful.

properties

Cyanuric triazide forms colorless, needle-shaped crystals that melt at 94 ° C with a melting enthalpy of 22.2 kJ mol −1 . According to August, the sublimation pressure function results from ln (P) = −A / T + B (P in Pa, T in K) with A = 10018.76 and B = 14.0. The enthalpy of sublimation is 83.3 kJ mol −1 . The first crystal structure analyzes assumed a hexagonal symmetry. According to more recent findings, the compound crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system with space group P 3 (space group no. 147) and two molecules in the unit cell . Template: room group / 147

When heated, the compound tends to decompose explosively from 170–180 ° C. The connection is shock and shock sensitive.

The connection falls under the Explosives Act . Important explosion indicators are:

Table with important explosion-relevant properties:
Oxygen balance −47%
Nitrogen content 82.36%
Lead block bulge 41.5 cm 3 g −1
Detonation velocity 5500 m s −1
Deflagration point 200-205 ° C

use

The compound can serve as an effective initial explosive .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i J. Köhler, R. Meyer, A. Homburg: Explosivstoffe. 10., completely revised. Edition. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-527-32009-7 , p. 67.
  2. ↑ a b c C. Ye, H. Gao, JA Boatz, GW Drake, B. Twamley, JM Shreeve: Polyazidopyrimidines: High-Energy Compounds and Precursors to Carbon Nanotubes. In: Angew. Chem. 118, 2006, pp. 7420-7423, doi: 10.1002 / anie.200602778 .
  3. ↑ a b c d B. L. Korsunskiy, VV Nedel'ko, VV Zakharov, NV Chukanov, AD Chervonnyi, TS Larikova, SV Chapyshev: Thermochemistry of Evaporation and Sublimation of 2,4,6-Triazido-1,3,5-triazine. In: Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics . Vol 42, No. 2, 2017, pp. 123–125, doi: 10.1002 / prep.201600259 .
  4. ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
  5. ^ H. Finger: About descendants of Cyanur. (Preliminary communication). In: J. Prakt. Chem. 75, 1907, pp. 103-104, doi: 10.1002 / prac.19070750107 .
  6. ↑ a b c E. Ott, E. Ohse: For the knowledge of simple cyan and cyanuric compounds. II. About the cyanuric triazide (C 3 N 12 ). In: Chem. Ber. 54, 1921, pp. 179-186, doi: 10.1002 / cber.19210540202 .
  7. ↑ E. Ott, DE 346 811.
  8. ↑ E. Ott, DE 346 812.
  9. ↑ E. Ott, DE 343 794.
  10. ^ IE Knaggs: Crystal Structure of Cyanuric Triazide. In: Nature . 135, 1935, pp. 268-268, doi: 10.1038 / 135268a0 .
  11. ^ EW Hughes: The Crystal Structure of Cyanuric Triazide. In: J. Chem. Phys. 3, 1935, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1063 / 1.1749546 .
  12. ↑ E. Keßenich, TM Klapötke , J. Knizek, H. Nöth, A. Schulz: Characterization, Crystal Structure of 2,4-bis (triphenylphosphanimino) tetrazolo [5,1-a] - [1,3,5] triazine , and Improved Crystal Structure of 2,4,6-Triazido-1,3,5-triazine . In: European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry . No. 12 , 1998, pp. 2013-2016 , doi : 10.1002 / (SICI) 1099-0682 (199812) 1998: 12 <2013 :: AID-EJIC2013> 3.0.CO; 2-M .
  13. ↑ a b P. G. Urben (Ed.): Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 6th edition. Vol. 1, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford 1999, ISBN 0-7506-3605-X , p. 465.
  14. ↑ Explosives Act, Appendix I, List of Explosive Substances ( BGBl. 1975 I p. 853 ), to which the law is to be applied in full.