DR series 276
| DR class 276.1 DB class 476/876 |
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 Class 276.1 train in the Grünau depot, 1986
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| Number: | 188 ET 189 EB |
| Manufacturer: | Raw Schöneweide " Roman Chwalek " (renovation) |
| Year of construction (s): | 1979-1989 |
| Retirement: | 2000 |
| Axis formula : | Bo'Bo '+ 2'2' |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over coupling: | 35,460 mm |
| Width: | 3000 mm |
| Trunnion Distance: | 11,800 mm |
| Bogie axle base: | 2500 mm |
| Empty mass: | 65.5 t |
| Hourly output : | 360 kW |
| Power system : | 800 V = |
| Power transmission: | Lateral power rail coated from below |
| Number of traction motors: | 4th |
The series 276.1 of the Deutsche Reichsbahn (from 1992 series 476/876) is a series of converted vehicles of the series 275 for the Berlin S-Bahn . The renovation program, consisting of a total of 188 quarter trains, lasted from 1979 to 1989 and was carried out in the Reichsbahn repair shop in Berlin-Schöneweide "Roman Chwalek". The last vehicles of the class were taken out of service in 2000.
Development and construction
The first trains of the ET 166 (276.0) and ET 167 (277) series were modernized as early as 1975 . The cars received a new front with two instead of three windows, new tail lights, an enlarged driver's cab and a modernized passenger area. The ET 167/277 series underwent a modernization as early as the mid-1960s. The vehicles of the 276 and 277 series were later aligned with each other during the reconstruction and consistently run as the 277 series.
The new class 276, on the other hand, was to be created from cars to be reconstructed of the types Stadtbahn and Wannseebahn (class ET 165 [275]). Outwardly, the vehicles of the 277 series were similar, but the cars differed from the round ones on the 277s with a welded straight front. Instead of the original three windows, two large windows have now been installed. The target sign box, formerly located above the middle window, was integrated into the left window in the direction of travel. The driver's seat was still on the right-hand side.
The passenger compartment has also been adapted to that of the 277. Instead of the wooden benches and the hard upholstered seats that had already been installed in the 1950s, upholstered rows of seats were now used. The load compartment, which originally took up the entire space between the first two doors of the railcars, was reduced by half, and the partition walls were given sliding doors instead of revolving doors. These were later completely expanded. Additional multi-purpose rooms with longitudinal benches were created at the short coupling ends of the sidecar. The entire interior was clad with " Sprelacart " panels, initially in light gray, in line with the BR 277 carriages, and in dark wood decor for later conversions. Fixed windows with ventilation flaps were installed instead of the lower-hung windows that were common in the past.
Technically, the trains were also overhauled and adapted to the standard of the 277 series. In order to facilitate the coupling process and to be able to couple both series electrically with each other, the Scharfenberg couplings received an attachment for the electrical contacts, the so-called "piano". The joint operation did not take place in normal operation, however, since the starting behavior is different due to different switching mechanisms.
The bogies and traction motors of the original vehicles were still used, as was the single-release compressed air brake, which was made multi-release through additional electrical control. After 1990 this was replaced on some vehicles by a multi-release Knorr compressed air brake with KE-P unit effect. To distinguish the cars, in which the multiple control lines had also been continuously switched to an operating voltage of 110 volts, were classified from car number 001, i.e. 476 001-070. With other cars they could no longer be electrically coupled and controlled during operation. In order to avoid damage between 110 V and 750 V railcars when accidentally coupling, the pianos of the 110 V ET were marked with two additional yellow stripes.
Whereabouts
After the retirement of the last original wagons of the “Stadtbahn” and “Wannsee” types in 1997, the 476 series were to follow as the second oldest series. Due to the constant replacement of the wagons with the new series 481/482 , the passenger service of the 476 series could end in 2000. On June 22nd, an official farewell trip was held for the press at the same time as the 250th quarter train of the class 481/482 was presented. Until July 4, 2000, 3 full trains were still in use with passengers, from July 5 the class 476 was not used. The majority of the cars were then scrapped in Königs Wusterhausen and Espenhain , only a quarter train (476/876 002) was used by the association Historic S-Bahn kept.
In the summer of 2000, a private person bought four discarded quarter trains of the 476 series, each with a different color scheme, door and interior design. They should become part of a private museum. However, since the hall in Wustermark intended for storing the wagons was in danger of collapsing and the Deutsche Bahn wanted to cut the siding, the vehicle collection had to be stored in Althüttendorf near Joachimsthal from January 13, 2001. A protective hall was not built for unexplained reasons. For the next seven years, the vehicles were parked outdoors. Little by little, the vehicles fell victim to vandalism, graffiti, looting and - from the beginning of 2005 - also from the weather. Since a large part of the doors and windows had meanwhile been stolen, rainwater was now able to attack the predominantly wooden passenger compartments unhindered. On March 4, 2008, a recycling company began clearing the site. By April 30, 2008, the total of 41 cars in the collection had been dismantled.
Exactly 20 years after the end of service of the class 476 (as of July 4, 2020), only eight cars of the class 476/876 still exist: 476/876 002 (HISB), 476 033 (Museum in Darmstadt-Kranichstein), 476 352 (Bln -Friedrichshain, Modersohnbrücke, Fa. LAT), 476/876 372 (youth club in Kirchberg, Hunsrück), 476 396 (Senftenberg bowling alley) and 876 396 (mascot in front of a mattress shop in Hesse). Of the vehicles left after the class 476 had been retired, 476/876 418 and 432 were scrapped in Schildow at the end of 2004, 476/876 007, 023, 061 and 074 in March / April 2008 in Althüttendorf and car 476 006 in Potsdam in September 2008 . The car 476 005 was parked at the Bornholmer Strasse S-Bahn station at NABU as a storage car from January 2001 to February 2017 and was allegedly dismantled because of environmentally hazardous substances inside the car. The car 476 013 was at the Modersohn School on Melanchthonplatz in Berlin-Spandau from 2000 to 2018 and served, among other things, as a library. This, in 1979, the second rebuilt railcar of the Stadtbahn type (276 103) carried the rebuilt front for almost 40 years.
A railcar (476 375) was converted in 1997 by the Wiebe company into a URG special vehicle (universal cleaning machine for track surfaces). Since then, the vehicle has been used to clean the platform tracks of the Berlin S-Bahn. It is owned by the Wiebe company.
literature
- Martin Pabst: U- and S-Bahn vehicles in Germany . GeraMond Verlag, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-932785-18-5
