Reichsbahn repair shop Berlin-Schöneweide

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Schöneweide plant of the Berlin S-Bahn

The Reichsbahn repair shop Berlin-Schöneweide (short: Raw Berlin-Schöneweide ) was a repair shop in the Berlin district of Niederschöneweide in the Treptow-Köpenick district . Since the transfer of the Deutsche Reichsbahn to the Deutsche Bahn , it has been called the Hauptwerkstatt Berlin-Schöneweide (Hw Sw).

This plant is used for the vehicle maintenance of the Berlin S-Bahn vehicle fleet in the context of larger deadline tasks, conversions and modernizations. In the meantime, vehicles of the Berlin subway and tram or other DC-powered railways have also been serviced here.

history

History and commissioning

With the electrification of Berlin's city, ring and suburban railways in the 1920s, it was also necessary to build a repair shop specializing in equipping and repairing the new, electric trains. The location chosen was a site in the district of Niederschöneweide, which was incorporated a few years earlier, near one of the first electrical test tracks, the Schöneweide – Spindlersfeld branch .

Construction began on August 25, 1926. On October 15, 1927, the plant under the name Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk (Raw) Berlin-Schöneweide was put into operation. At first around 100 people worked there. This already benefited from the fact that, in anticipation of a significantly higher number of employees, a work stop (today's Berlin-Schöneweide depot ) had been built in the simplest form on the suburban tracks of the Berlin-Görlitzer Railway at km 8.5 . From November 17, 1927, individual trains stopped here at the beginning and end of the Raw shift.

Beginning of the Raw

Already on the day the operations opened, the Raw began to work on the first half train of the Berlin S-Bahn with the later number ET / EB 169 011.

From December 1927, the first S-Bahn series vehicles of the type ET 165 (Stadtbahn) were regularly transferred from the various manufacturing companies to the Raw Schöneweide for the installation of the electrical equipment. Since then, the plant has been producing for the Berlin S-Bahn to this day.

On May 29, 1935, test drives of the first test train of the later class 477 took place in the Raw Schöneweide. A changed gear ratio enabled a top speed of 120 km / h.

World War II and the first few years after that

In order to obtain materials essential to the war effort, the plant was busy, among other things, in expanding the driver's cab equipment from almost all control cars on the Berlin S-Bahn.

In the last days of the Second World War, the plant was stormed by the Red Army advancing into Berlin and badly damaged in the process. A large part of the workforce had been transferred to the front in the last months of the war and was therefore not available for reconstruction after 1945 due to imprisonment or death. Since, immediately after the end of the war, some of the employees, especially from the management level of the plant, were officially regarded by the Soviet occupying power as state officials of the National Socialist regime in their position as senior railway officials, there were several deportations in the course of the denazification Factory workers in Soviet warehouse. As a result, the restart of the Berlin S-Bahn was made more difficult.

GDR time

Assembly of furniture made of 90% material left over from repairs to Reichsbahnwagen. (1954)

Since the East Berlin part of the BVG (from 1969 VEB Kombinat Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe - BVB ) no longer had a main workshop for the subway after the administrative separation in 1949 , the plant had to be responsible, although originally only for the vehicles of the Berlin S-Bahn to step in for general inspections of subways.

In 1950 the maintenance of the Buckower Kleinbahn trains was placed under the Berlin S-Bahn. The maintenance and repair of the vehicles was also entrusted to the Raw Schöneweide.

From 1954 the Raw Schöneweide also took over the function of a main workshop for the East Berlin tram . From 1959 onwards the tram types T 24 , TD 07/24 and others were converted into reko cars of types TE 59 and BE 59 and their successors. For this purpose, a track was laid through Schnellerstrasse that was only used for transfer journeys.

From 1962 to 1990, on behalf of the GDR Ministry of Transport, the plant increasingly converted no longer required S-Bahn railcars of the series ET 169 , ET 168 and ET 165 into EIII subways . During this period there were five deliveries of this series, in which a total of 86 units consisting of multiple units and trailer cars were constructed.

Other actually strange orders for the Berlin S-Bahn workshop followed again and again. From 1969 onwards, general repairs were carried out on the T57 / B57 series of trams and the LOWA ET50 vehicles for various transport companies in the GDR . After the construction of two-axle trams in the GDR had been completed in 1966 and after 1968 the replicas of the type T2D / B2D were no longer delivered by ČKD , but there was still a need for two-axle trams at some smaller transport companies in the GDR, the Raw Schöneweide continued from 1970 the construction of the Reko tram cars for many transport companies in the GDR continued. From 1970 to 1976, Reko cars were built in one and two-way design for Magdeburg, Dessau, Erfurt, Frankfurt (Oder), Görlitz, Halberstadt, Jena, Leipzig, Rostock, Schöneiche, Schwerin and Zwickau. Due to the different original vehicles, at most axles were reused. In some cases, the number of Reko cars built even exceeded that of the original vehicles.

At the end of the 1970s, the conventional electromechanical counter printers at the Deutsche Reichsbahn were gradually replaced by the microcomputer-controlled counter printers (MSD) newly developed by the "Friedrich List" University of Transport in Dresden . The necessary modifications of the assemblies in the course of the final production, their combination and the initial programming of the EPROMS with the basic software and the station data of the devices intended for delivery took place in RAW Schöneweide. The same also applied to the microcomputer-controlled ticket machines (MFA), some of which were still in use until the tariff change in 1995.

On April 30, 1975, the factory was renamed Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk (Raw) 'Roman Chwalek' Berlin-Schöneweide in honor of the recently deceased former Minister of Labor and Railway Affairs, Roman Chwalek . The company vocational school belonging to the plant was given the name Pavel Belyayev on June 21, 1966 , and the Soviet cosmonaut attended the school on that day.

Post-turnaround time

Maintenance of S-Bahn trains in the factory

On September 6, 1991, the first BVG S-Bahn train reached the repair shop for a general inspection. With the merger of the Deutsche Reichsbahn and the Deutsche Bundesbahn to form the Deutsche Bahn AG (DB) on January 1, 1994, the Raw Schöneweide also became part of the DB. Since January 1, 1995, it has been part of the newly founded S-Bahn Berlin GmbH, a 100 percent subsidiary of DB Regio AG in the DB Group.

On September 22, 1996, the first quarter train of the new S-Bahn class 481 left the factory after its completion .

In 1998 a driving simulator for the new series of the S-Bahn was put into operation in the factory. A new driving simulator went into operation in March 2019.

Extraordinary orders

On a voluntary basis, Raw Schöneweide was significantly involved in the construction of the track systems and the rolling stock of the Berlin pioneer railway in Wuhlheide, both personally and materially .

There were reconstruction orders for the rolling stock of the Oberweißbacher Bergbahn in 1963, 1970, 1982 and 1984.

In 1962, the SKL 24 small rail car was developed by the Schöneweide plant and was also produced until the plant for track construction mechanics in Brandenburg took over production in 1971. Among other things, the SKL was manufactured in narrow gauge for the Harz narrow-gauge railways .

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Hütter: 50 years of the Reichsbahn repair shop in Schöneweide . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . tape 4/1977 , p. 123 ff .
  • Hans-Joachim Hütter: 60 years Raw Schöneweide . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . tape 14/1987 , p. 64 ff .
  • Hans-Joachim Hütter: 60 years Raw Schöneweide . In: Modellisenbahner . No. 36/1987 , pp. 2 .
  • 70 years of the main workshop in Berlin-Schöneweide . GVE, 1997, ISBN 3-89218-051-2 .
  • Manuel Jacob: 70 years of the main S-Bahn workshop in Schöneweide . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . tape 44/1997 , p. 199 ff .
  • Hans-Joachim Hütter: 75 years of the main workshop in Berlin-Schöneweide . In: Verkehrsgeschichtliche Blätter . tape 44/1997 , p. 114 f .
  • Hans-Joachim Hütter: The main workshop in Schöneweide. A repair shop for the trains of the Berlin S-Bahn. Electricity instead of steam! 75 years of the Berlin S-Bahn . GVE, Berlin 1999.

Movies

  • DEFA: Eyewitness No. 39/57 (June 11, 1957). 4th contribution: Otto Grotewohl as guest at Raw Schöneweide
  • DEFA: The Eyewitness No. 23/77 (June 1977). 1st contribution: 20 out of 10,000 - 20 young Vietnamese became vehicle fitters in the Schöneweide raw material
  • Berlin S-Bahn. 75 years of Raw Schöneweide . Documentation (58 min). EK Verlag Freiburg 8020.

Web links

Commons : Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk Schöneweide  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Honorary name at the Deutsche Reichsbahn . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . No. 9 , 2019, pp. 178 .
  2. ^ Dönges, FH: The Reichsbahn repair shop Berlin-Schöneweide. - In: Glasers Annalen - Berlin 107 (1930) 10/11. - pp. 121-127, 133-141
  3. ↑ Hans-Joachim Hütter: 75 years of the main workshop in Schöneweide. In: s-bahn-berlin.de. August 29, 2002, accessed September 12, 2009 .
  4. ↑ The Reichsbahn. - Berlin 3 (1927) 49
  5. ↑ point 3 2003/20 - 23 October, p. 12/13
  6. ^ A contemporary witness report made known to the author by the former works employee Hermann Herbert Klandt (* 1909 Costebrau; † 1971 Berlin), who was interned in this context in the NKVD camp Fünfeichen .
  7. ^ Andreas Biedl, Norbert Walter: The vehicles of the Berlin subway. Type E . B. Neddermeyer, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-933254-17-5 , pp. 83 f .
  8. ↑ Microcomputer-controlled ticket machine - MFA. www.robotrontechnik.de, accessed on September 12, 2009 .
  9. ↑ News in brief - miscellaneous . In: Berliner Verkehrsblätter . No. 4 , 2019, p. 78 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 26 ′ 42 ″  N , 13 ° 31 ′ 52 ″  E