Daschdorschiin Natsagdordsch
Daschdordschiin Natsagdordsch ( Mongolian Дашдоржийн Нацагдорж ; born November 17, 1906 , † July 13, 1937 ) was a Mongolian communist and writer. He is considered to be the founder of modern Mongolian literature .
Life
Natsagdordsch was born the son of a noble official. At the age of eleven he entered the civil service of the autonomous Outer Mongolia as an assistant clerk . He received a good education early on from private tutors. In 1924, after the Mongolian People's Republic was proclaimed , he was initially involved in the Mongolian Revolutionary People's Army and was one of the founders of the Communist Mongolian Youth Association. Despite his youth, Natsagdordsch was nominated as a candidate for the party's Central Committee and Central Control Commission.
After studying for a year at the Leningrad Military Academy in 1925/26, he was one of more than forty young Mongols who, between 1925/26 and 1929/30, were trained mainly as students and interns in Germany - some also in France. Natsagdordsch did not live during his studies, like all other Mongolian students, in a boarding school in Wickersdorf, Letzlingen or Berlin , but traveled with his wife and was able to organize the stay in Germany independently of the Mongolian fellow students due to the financial support of his parents . After a few months in Berlin, Natsagdordsch went to Leipzig, where he did not - as some claimed - studied journalism, since, like the other of his young compatriots, he could not prove a qualification comparable to the German Abitur. So it was a stroke of luck for him that he was able to assist the Leipzig professors Erich Haenisch and Friedrich Weller , who were studying Mongolian Studies at the time .
Studying for young Mongols in western foreign countries was considered an "educational experiment" and was only possible thanks to the national democratic, cosmopolitan orientation of the Mongolian leadership of the time under Peldschidiin Genden , who was deposed in 1928. A short time later, this also meant the end of the project. In 1929 Natsagdordsch returned with most of the other Mongols to his homeland, where he could not initially find a permanent job and worked as a volunteer interpreter and employee of a youth newspaper. From 1931 he worked at a research institute in Ulan Bator, where he became the first interpreter in 1934 and head of the historical department the following year.
In the course of the Stalinist terror in Mongolia , Natsagdordsch was arrested in 1932 on absurd charges and sentenced to a year in prison. A second arrest and five months of forced labor followed in 1936. He died as a victim of political persecution in June 1937 and was only 31 years old.
plant
Natsagdordsch, deeply rooted in the Mongolian literary tradition and especially in folk poetry, was the first to take up the fund of world literature and thus became a pioneer of modern Mongolian poetry and short prose and also the first internationally known Mongolian poet. The literary level of his best works was not reached again by a new generation of writers until the 1950s and 1960s.
Some of Natsagdordsch's early literary works were already written in Germany, such as the poem “To a distant country to learn” ( Алс газар сурахаар явагч , 1927, German 2014) and the sketch “I experienced May 1st in a capitalist country “( Майн нэгнийг хөрөнгөтний газар үзээсэй , 1928, German 2006). Building on the rich folk song tradition, he created love and nature poems, which are among the most beautiful of Mongolian poetry. The poem “Meine Heimat” ( Миний нутаг , 1933, German 2014) is still considered the Mongolian national poem . “Der Stern” ( Од , 1931, German 2014) and the cycle of poems “The Four Seasons” ( Дөрвөн цаг , 1934, German 2014) also belong to the permanent holdings of Mongolian poetry.
In his mostly short stories, Natsagdordsch embarked on completely new paths of realistic and poetic storytelling for Mongolian prose. While prose sketches like "The bird Gray" ( Шувуун саарал , 1930) and "The Steppe Beauty" ( Хөдөө талын үзэсгэлэн , 1931) are referred to as "lyrical miniatures", the poet points with stories such as "The son of the ancient world" ( Хуучин хүү , 1930, German 1968) and “White Moon and Black Tears” ( Цагаан сар ба хар нулимс , 1932, German 1968) show how young Mongols can free themselves from misery and ignorance and go a self-determined path. In the short story "The Llama's Tears" ( Ламбугуайн нулимс , 1930, Ger . 1976), which has been translated into many languages, Natsagdordsch proves his talent as a humorous and ironic author. The story “Dark Rocks” ( Харанхуй хад , 1930) has autobiographical traits . Natsagdordsch has also achieved importance as a translator ( Pushkin , Poe , Maupassant ) and as a playwright. His piece “The Three Sad Hills” ( Учиртай гурван толгой , 1934) goes back to a type of fairy tale that is widespread among the Mongols as well as other Central Asian peoples Mongolian theater was.
Translations
- in: Whose World ... Poetic Document, (East) Berlin 1967
- in: "Sonntag", No. 1/68, (East) Berlin
- in: Explorations. 20 Mongolian stories, (East) Berlin 1976
- in: Mongolische Notes, issue 15/2006 and issue 18/2009
- in: The times move under the Eternal Sky. A pearl necklace from Mongolian poetry, Leipzig 2014
literature
- Klaus Oehmichen, Daschdordschiin Natsagdordsch - poet of the Mongolian people, in: new German literature, issue 6/1987
- Walther Heissig, D. Nacagdorz (Natsagdordsch), The three sad hills, in: Kindlers new literature lexicon (study edition), Vol. 12, Munich 1996
- Erika Taube, Difficult Search for Traces. The Leipzig study years of the poet Daschdordschiin Natsagdordsch, in: Mongolische Notizen, Heft 6/1997
- Klaus Oehmichen, Broken Biographies, in: ibid., Issue 15/2006
- Karina Hence, Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj (1906–1937): Some reflections on the lyrical work of the Mongolian national poet, in: Mongolische Notizen, issue 21/2013
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Natsagdorj, Dashdordjin |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Нацагдорж, Дашдоржийн (Mongolian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Mongolian writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 17th November 1906 |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 13, 1937 |