Daskyleion
Coordinates: 40 ° 7 ′ 56 ″ N , 28 ° 3 ′ 2 ″ E
Daskyleion , now Hisartepe, was an ancient city in Mysia , the remains of which were excavated 30 km south of Bandırma near Manyas Gölü , 2 km west of Ergili village .
history
According to legend, Daskyleion was founded by the Lydian king Daskylos (around 700 BC), but according to inscriptions found it was founded in the 8th century BC. . BC Phrygian populated. From 554 BC It belonged to the Lydian empire. Under Xerxes I , Daskyleion became the seat of the Persian satrap for the Hellespontian Phrygia . The place remained until 334 BC. Part of the Achaemenid Empire , which controlled the Dardanelles from there . According to Xenophon there was a Persian palace garden ( Paradeisos ) in Daskyleion .
After the Battle of Granikos in May 334 BC. According to Arrian , Daskyleion is said to have been taken by Parmenion without a fight. The archaeological evidence, however, indicates a military defense of the city. The army of Alexander the Great finally moved on from Daskyleion to Sardis and Ephesus .
Excavations
Daskyleion was located in 1952 by Kurt Bittel . He was able to prove that with the hitherto customary positioning on the coast of the Marmara Sea at Eskel Liman, now Esence, west of Apamea Myrleia another ancient city of the same name (Latin. Dascylium) in Bithynia, the member of the Delian League was to be identified. In the same year, Ekrem Akurgal began his excavations in Daskyleion, which he led until 1960 and during which he built a Cybele temple from the late 8th century BC. BC exposed. From 1988 onwards, the Turkish archaeologist Tomris Bakır led the excavations for decades. The finds include, in addition to seals , walls and fortifications, also a Zoroastrian temple from the 5th century BC. BC, which is the most western evidence of Persian Zoroastrianism so far. The reliefs connected to the temple show sacrificial scenes. Furthermore, numerous fragments of imported Greek ceramics , steles as well as Phrygian inscriptions and graffiti were found . The finds are kept in the Bandırma Museum, inaugurated in 2003 .
In October 2005 Tomris Bakır discovered a palace of the Persian satrap Artabazos I , who had been in residence since 478/477 BC. Resided in Daskyleion. The palace was built from the stones and reliefs of older structures.
literature
- Thomas Drew-Bear, Tomris Bakır-Abaşoğlu : Daskyleion 2. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 3, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-476-01473-8 , column 330 f.
- Tomris Bakır-Abaşoğlu: Daskyleion (Tyaiy Drayahya). Hellespontine Phrygia Bölgesi Akhaemenid Satraplığı. In: Anatolia. Vol. 25, 2003, pp. 1–26 (German summary: pp. 1–6).
- Deniz Kaptan: The Daskyleion Bullae. Seal images from the Western Achaemenid empire. 2 volumes. Nederlands Inst. Voor het Nabije Oosten, Leiden 2002, ISBN 90-6258-412-8 .
- Margret Nollé: Monuments from the Daskyleion satrap seat. Studies on Graeco-Persian art. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-05-002146-2 .
Web links
- Michael Weiskopf: Dascylium . In: Ehsan Yarshater (ed.): Encyclopædia Iranica . Volume 7 (Fasc. 1), pp. 85–90, as of November 18, 2011, accessed on October 15, 2019 (English, including references)
- Daskyleion website, largely unfinished
- Images of the excavation site and finds
- Information from the Turkish Ministry of Culture (PDF)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stephanos of Byzantium sv Daskylion
- ↑ Xenophon, Hellenika 4, 1, 15.
- ↑ Anabasis 1,17,2
- ^ Thomas Drew-Bear, Tomris Bakır-Abaşoğlu: Daskyleion 2. In: Der Neue Pauly . Volume 3, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, Sp. 331.
- ↑ Illustration at daskyleion.tripod.com