David Duke

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stumbling block for David Herzog

David Herzog ( November 7, 1869 in Tyrnau , Austria-Hungary - March 6, 1946 in Oxford , United Kingdom ) was a historian and regional rabbi for Styria and Carinthia .

biography

Plaque

Herzog was the eldest of eight children of the textile merchant Leopold Herzog and Cäcilia Herzog, née Süß. In Tyrnau he attended elementary school from 1876 to 1881 and the prince-archbishop's grammar school from 1881 to 1889. From 1889 he studied Semitic linguistics at the University of Berlin and received his doctorate in philosophy on January 4, 1894. In 1896 he continued his studies in Paris and in 1899/1900 in Vienna.

The Kultusrat of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Graz elected him on October 20, 1907 as the successor to Samuel Mühsam as the new rabbi for Styria, Carinthia and - until 1918 - for Carniola. In 1909 Herzog took up his position at the Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz and taught the Hebrew and Arabic languages ​​until 1938, at schools he worked as a historian and religion teacher, a. a. at the Academic Gymnasium in Graz . In 1926 he was appointed associate professor.

During his tenure, the Jewish community in Graz reached its peak. Jewish magazines were published in Graz, the ceremonial hall at the Jewish cemetery was inaugurated in 1910 and a winter prayer hall was set up in the official building in 1914. The Jewish community, which in 1910 had a total of 1971 members (1.3% of the population of Graz), declined after the First World War due to an aging population, declining birth rates, emigration to Palestine and withdrawals from the IKG and suffered from the growing anti-Semitism that repeated Led to attacks on Jewish associations and people.

After the “Anschluss” of Austria in 1938, he was arrested in a first wave of arrests together with Nobel Prize winner Otto Loewi and many others. The experience of 14 days in detention and the November pogrom forced him to leave Austria with his wife on December 20, 1938. Via Vienna, the Netherlands and Dover he emigrated to London, where he lived in modest circumstances for a year. In 1940 he moved to Oxford, where he attended the local university could accommodate his scientific work.

Others

In 1988 the David Herzog Fund was set up at the Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, with the help of which intercultural understanding - especially in relation to Jewish culture - is to be promoted and appreciated. The David Herzog Fund has been supported by all Styrian universities since 2005.

The new synagogue in Graz is located at the named after David Duke space on the right bank of the Mur in the 5th Graz district Gries .

On August 16, 2016, Gunter Demnig laid a stumbling block in Radetzkystraße 8 in Graz in memory of David Herzog.

Awards and honors

Works

  • Maimonides' Commentary on the Peah Tract. Calvary, Berlin 1894.
  • Documents and registers on the history of the Jews in Styria (1475–1585) . Verlag der Israelitische Kultusgemeinde, Graz 1934.

literature

  • Duke, David. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1959, p. 301.
  • David Herzog: Memoirs of a Rabbi 1932–1940 . 2nd Edition. Based on a diploma thesis by Andreas Schweiger ed. by Walter Höflechner . Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1997, ISBN 3-201-01639-X (publications from the archive of the University of Graz, vol. 32).
  • Susanne Blumesberger, Michael Doppelhofer, Gabriele Mauthe: Handbook of Austrian authors of Jewish origin from the 18th to the 20th century. Volume 1: A-I. Edited by the Austrian National Library. Saur, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-598-11545-8 , pp. 543f.
  • Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography . Volume 3. Chernivtsi 1928, p. 91.
  • Esriel Hildesheimer, Mordechai Eliav: The Berlin Rabbinical Seminar 1873-1938. Berlin 2008, ISBN 9783938485460 , pp. 136-137.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Duke, David
BRIEF DESCRIPTION State rabbi for Styria and Carinthia
DATE OF BIRTH November 7, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH Tyrnau
DATE OF DEATH March 6, 1946
Place of death Oxford