David MacLennan (biochemist)
David Herman MacLennan (born July 3, 1937 in Swan River , Manitoba , † June 23, 2020 ) was a Canadian biochemist and molecular biologist who studied membrane transport and the molecular biology of membrane proteins.
MacLennan received his bachelor's degree in agricultural science from the University of Manitoba in 1959 . In 1961 he made his master's degree in plant pathology from Purdue University , where he received his doctorate in biology in 1963. He then worked as a post-doctoral student and from 1964 as an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin in the Institute for Enzyme Research. In 1969 he became associate professor and in 1974 professor in the Banting and Best Department of Medical Research at the University of Toronto , which he chaired from 1978 to 1990. He has been JW Billes Professor of Medical Research there since 1987 and University Professor since 1993 .
He was known for fundamental work on the regulation of calcium transport via the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of muscle cells, the mechanism of calcium pumps in the membrane of the SR, the storage of calcium in the SR and the release of calcium via special membrane channels. He has been investigating the SR's ATP-dependent calcium pump since 1969, after initially researching electron transport and proton pumps in the mitochondria. As in the mitochondria, an ATPase was involved in the calcium pump in the SR, but in contrast to the mitochondria, it also takes over the ion transport, as MacLennon demonstrated in 1969.
He studied mutations and abnormal variants in the proteins involved and the diseases they caused. For example, he showed that mutations in phospholamban, which regulates the work of the calcium pumps, can lead to cardiomyopathy and he discovered the role of a mutation in the channels for calcium release as the cause of stress syndrome in pigs, whereupon a corresponding diagnostic test could be developed The occurrence of the syndrome is greatly reduced. Together with his colleagues, he found the causes of malignant hyperthermia , central core myopathy and Brody syndrome , in which the calcium absorption in the SR is reduced after a contraction due to a defective enzyme, which prevents the relaxation of muscles after physical exertion and leads to cramps leads.
1972 to 1976 he was editor of the Canadian Journal of Biochemistry.
Honors (selection)
- 1974 Ayerst Award from the Canadian Biochemical Society
- 1985 Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
- 1990 National Lecturer Award from the Biophysical Society
- 1991 Gairdner Foundation International Award
- 1994 Fellow of the Royal Society
- 1997 Izaak Walton Killam Prize (Health Sciences) from the Canada Council for the Arts
- 2000 Glaxo Wellcome Prize
- 2001 Fellow of the International Society for Heart Research
- 2001 External member of the National Academy of Sciences
- 2001 Honorary Doctorate from the University of Manitoba (D. Sc.)
- 2001 Officer of the Order of Canada
- 2004 Honorary Member of the Japanese Biochemical Society
- 2008 Order of Ontario
- 2013 induction into the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame
- 2015 member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
literature
- Nicole Kresge, Robert D. Simoni, Robert L. Hill: Ion Transport in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum: the Work of David H. MacLennan . In: Journal of Biological Chemistry . tape 281 , no. 25 , 2006, pp. e20 ( jbc.org ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ David H. MacLennan. National Academy of Sciences, accessed June 30, 2020 .
- ↑ MacLennon Purification and Properties of an Adenosine Triphosphatase from Sarcoplasmic Reticulum , J. Biol. Chem. , Vol. 245, 1970, pp. 4508-4518, PMID 4250726 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | MacLennan, David |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | MacLennan, David Herman (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Canadian biochemist and molecular biologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 3, 1937 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Swan River |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 23, 2020 |