Davul
Davul , also dahol , is a double-headed cylinder drum that is widespread throughout the oriental region. In Iran and Afghanistan it is called dohol , in Eastern Europe , where it is mainly anchored in folk music on the Balkan Peninsula , it is called tapan , tupan ( Bulgarian Тъпан ), daoúli ( Greek νταούλι ) or Albanian daullja .
The Turkish davul has a flat wooden body that is covered with two different skins . The player wears it on a strap over his left shoulder. The higher fur on the left is beaten with a thin whip (çubuk) , the lower one on the right with a massive mallet ( tokmak ).
The davul is often played together with the zurna double reed instrument . Both instruments also accompany the oriental folk dance Halay . The combination of a tubular drum and a wind instrument of the surnai type can be found in many Asian countries. Through the janissary music it made its way into western military and orchestral music as a big drum . When the jazz drums were invented, she was the model for the bass drum.
Nowadays, the davul can also be found increasingly in the music of the medieval scene due to their penetrating sound .
etymology
The names of many oriental and medieval European drums go back to the general Arabic term ṭabl for drums. Ottoman historians have derived davul from ṭabl via the Ottoman language ṭabıl . The word in an 11th century Central Asian text for a drum struck during falconry was read as tovil or tovul . Persian drums are accordingly called duhul . The South Indian double-headed drum dhavul or tavil also has a similar-sounding name . In Sri Lanka the double-skinned wooden cylinder drum dawula ( daula ) is hung over the shoulder like the Turkish drum. It appears at religious ceremonies, a report from 1957 describes the drum in connection with an exorcistic ceremony called tovil . The Central Asian davul used to be the shaman's drum .
The name for the Arabic drum ultimately comes from the Aramaic tablā from the Akkadian word tabālu , which was used in the 8th century BC. Appeared. Nothing is said about the origin of the instrument, because what tabālu meant is unclear. The Mesopotamian drums known from illustrations, such as the Akkadian lilissu and the even older Sumerian balaggu, were apparently no forerunners of the davul.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Korkut Budgay: Ottoman. Textbook: Introduction to the basics of literary language. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1999, p. 211
- ↑ Henry George Farmer : Ṭabl . In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition , Vol. 10, Brill, Leiden 2000, p. 32
- ↑ Laurence Picken : Folk Musical Instruments of Turkey. Oxford University Press, London 1975, pp. 66-115, here pp. 66, 103f